PPT Q3 W1 NS002: How Elements Formed in Universe (PDF)

WEEK1 How the elements found in the universe were formed NS 002- PHYSCIE Formation of Light and Heavy Elements The origin of all the naturally occurring elements fall into two phases: —the origin of 1. Big Bang or the “light” Primor...

WEEK1 How the elements found in the universe were formed NS 002- PHYSCIE Formation of Light and Heavy Elements The origin of all the naturally occurring elements fall into two phases: —the origin of 1. Big Bang or the “light” Primordial elements Nucleosynthesis — the origin and 2. Stellar production of the “heavy” elements. Nucleosynthesis LIGHT ELEMENTS These elements were present during the initial formation of the universe.  Nucleosynthesis Process that creates new atomic nucleus from pre-existing nucleons, which is proton neutrons.  PROTONS NEUTRONS What causes the neutrons and protons to combine and form certain species of atomic nuclei in a process called nuclear fusion? extremely high energy and temperature of the universe Through Nuclear Fusion: ISOTOPES the light elements - Hydrogen (H), A form of an element Helium (He), and that has the same small amounts of atomic number of lithium (Li) and the original beryllium (Be) were element but with formed. different atomic mass or mass number. ISOTOPES Origin of Heavier Elements The density inside a star is great enough to sustain fusion for extended time periods required to synthesize heavy elements.  STELLAR There are many NUCLEOSYNTHESIS nuclear synthetic pathways or nuclear The formation fusions to produce of heavy heavy elements: elements by 1. Proton-proton fusion of lighter fusion nuclei in the 2. Carbon-Nitrogen- oxygen cycle interior of stars 3. Triple alpha process  Origin of Heavier Elements Layers near core of stars have very high temperatures enough to nucleosynthesize heavy elements such as silicon and iron. Do you think elements heavier than Iron can be formed through fusion? It cannot be formed through fusion as tremendous amounts of energy are needed for the reaction to occur. Neutron capture In a neutron reaction capture reaction, heavy elements are created by addition of more neutrons to existing nuclei instead of fusion of Do you think elements heavier than Iron can be formed through fusion? Heavy elements are formed in a supernova, a massive explosion of a star. Supernova is the explosive death of a star. The Concept of Atomic Number that Led to the Synthesis of New Elements in the Laboratory ANATOMY OF A NUCLIDE NUCLEAR EQUATION: reactants products Alpha particles - He  NUCLEAR TRANSMUTATION: Neutron has 0 atomic number and 1 atomic mass TRIVIA! TECHNICIUM is the first artificial element  THANK YOU! 02 You can enter a subtitle here if you need it