Practical Research 1 PDF

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 Nature of Inquiry and Research At the end of the lesson, learners should be able to: share research experiences and knowledge explain the importance of research in daily life describe characteristics, processes, and ethics of research differentiate quantitati...

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 Nature of Inquiry and Research At the end of the lesson, learners should be able to: share research experiences and knowledge explain the importance of research in daily life describe characteristics, processes, and ethics of research differentiate quantitative from qualitative research provide examples of research in areas of interest  Research 01 An organized investigation and study of materials and sources to create facts and reach new inferences. Develop appropriate solutions to improve the individual’s quality of life. It is a universally systematic and objective search for reliable knowledge (Walker, 2010)  Research 01 a verified approach of thinking and employing legalized instruments and steps to obtain an adequate solution to a problem that is otherwise impossible to address under ordinary means (Crawford, as cited by Alcantara & Espina, 1995)  Research 01 It helps society to answer the WHAT and HOW questions. It must be a proper investigation and should reach a valid conclusion that would facilitate the finding of answers to the questions. Some of these questions are: How can research affect society? What is the impact of the research to daily life?  02 Basic purely Research direct application but increasing the nature of understanding about the problem. It develops the scientific theories to be more understandable to the readers.  02 Applied A Research research that needs an answer to a specific question. It provides solutions and validation in order to apply to the real setting. 03 Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research Prieto, et.al. (2017) stated that the following are the major characteristics of research: 1. EMPIRICAL - is based on observations and experiments of theories. 2. SYSTEMATIC - follows orderly and sequential procedures, based on valid procedures and principles. 03 Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research Prieto, et.al. (2017) stated that the following are the major characteristics of research: 3. CONTROLLED - In research, all variables, except those that are tested/ experimented on, are kept constant. 4. EMPLOYS HYPOTHESIS - refers to a search for facts, answers to questions and solutions to problems. 03 Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research Prieto, et.al. (2017) stated that the following are the major characteristics of research: 5. ANALYTICAL - shows analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, and or case study. 6. OBJECTIVE - it is unbiased and logical. All findings are logically based on real-life situations. 03 Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research Prieto, et.al. (2017) stated that the following are the major characteristics of research: 7. ORIGINAL WORK - it requires its own examination and produces the data needed to complete the study. 03 Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research Prieto, et.al. (2017) also added that the following are involved in the Research Processes: 1. DEFINE RESEARCH PROBLEM: What is the problem? 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE: What evidence is already presented? 3. FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS: How are we going to find/look for the answer to questions being studied? 03 Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research Prieto, et.al. (2017) also added that the following are involved in the Research Processes: 4. RESEARCH DESIGN: Where will the study be shown and with what population? 5. COLLECTING DATA: Are we ready to gather the data? Where do we find the data? 6. ANALYZING DATA: How do the data answer the research queries? 03 Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research Prieto, et.al. (2017) also added that the following are involved in the Research Processes: 7. INTERPRET AND REPORT: What are the implications of the results? 03 Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research According to Resnik, 2007, ethical norms are significant in conducting research studies as explained in the following: First, ethics promotes the pursuit of knowledge, truth, and credibility. It also fosters values that are essential to collaborative work. 03 Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research According to Resnik, 2007, ethical norms are significant in conducting research studies as explained in the following: Second, ethical norms help individuals to be accountable in every act that the researcher/s undertake. 03 Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research According to Resnik, 2007, ethical norms are significant in conducting research studies as explained in the following: Third, ensure that researchers are held accountable to the public. 03 Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research According to Resnik, 2007, ethical norms are significant in conducting research studies as explained in the following: Lastly, an ethical norm in research also needs public awareness. This can be evaluated by the researcher before conducting the study because this may help a certain population in an area once the study is completed. 03 Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Ethical CodesResearch and Policies for Research, Resnik, 2007 Honesty - Maintain all communication. Data should not be faked. Objectivity - Avoid biases in experimental designs, data analysis, interpretation, expert testimony, and other aspects of research. 03 Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Ethical CodesResearch and Policies for Research, Resnik, 2007 Integrity - Keep your promises and agreements. Carefulness - Avoid careless errors and negligence. Openness - Share data, results, ideas, and tools. Be open to criticism and new ideas. 03 Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Ethical CodesResearch and Policies for Research, Resnik, 2007 Confidentiality - Protect confidential communication. Responsible Publication - Avoid duplicating publications. Responsible Mentoring - Help to educate, mentor, and advise others. 03 Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Ethical CodesResearch and Policies for Research, Resnik, 2007 Respect Colleagues - Treat all peers fairly. Social Responsibility - Strive to promote social good. Avoid social harm. Non- Discrimination - avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the basis of sex, race, ethnicity, and or others. 03 Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Ethical CodesResearch and Policies for Research, Resnik, 2007 Legality - Be informed and obey relevant laws and institutional governmental policies. Respect of Intellectual Property - Give proper acknowledgment or credits to all researchers. Human Subject - Minimize risks that involve human lives, dignity, and privacy.  07 Written Task#1 Directions: Match the characteristics of research from Column A to Column B. Write your answer in Column C.  Written 01 Task#1 Directions: Match the characteristics of research from Column A to Column B. Write your answer in Column C. 04 QUALITATIVE VS QUANTITATIVE QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH - is a positivist scientific method that refers to a general set of orderly discipline procedures to acquire information (Beck, 2004) Mostly, it is concerned with numbers and measurement. 04 QUALITATIVE VS QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH - is defined as the “naturalistic method of research which deals with the concern of human difficulty by discovering it straightly.” (Beck, 2004) It is concerned with the experiences, understanding, and words of the individual. 05 Kinds of Research DESCRIPTIVE METHOD  describes a phenomena being studied. It addresses the WHAT question.  data gathered and descriptive statistics are used to analyze such data.  it considers one variable at a time and it is typically the entry level of research. 05 Kinds of Research CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH  determines the relations among any or two variables.  data are gathered from multiple variables and correlational statistical techniques are then applied to the data.  It investigates range of factors, such as nature of the relationship between two variables and the theoretical model that it might be developed and tested to explain there resulting to correlations 05 Kinds of Research CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH  determines the relations among any or two variables.  data are gathered from multiple variables and correlational statistical techniques are then applied to the data.  It investigates range of factors, such as nature of the relationship between two variables and the theoretical model that it might be developed and tested to explain there resulting to correlations 05 Kinds of Research EXPERIMENTAL METHOD  Researcher manipulates one or more independent variables and observes the impact of that manipulation on one or more dependent or outcome variables  It includes true experiments (randomly assigned to conditions or groups), and quasi-experiments (individuals cannot be randomly assigned as they are already in a condition group) 05 Kinds of Research HISTORICAL RESEARCH  Is employed by researchers who are interested in reporting events and /or conditions that occurred in the past.  This is to establish facts to arrive at conclusions concerning part events or predict future events. 05 Kinds of Research MARKET METHOD  Is organized effort to gather information about target markets or customers.  It provides important information to identify and analyze customer satisfaction, market needs, market size, and competition.  It includes social and opinion research. It is a systematic gathering and interpretation of information of individuals or organizations using statistical and analytical methods. 05 Kinds of Research FEASIBILITY STUDY  An analysis of the ability to complete a project successfully, taking into account legal, economic, technical, scheduling, marketing, environmental and other factors.  It also explores possible positive and negative outcomes of a project before investing too much money and time. 05 Kinds of Research PHENOMENOLOGICAL METHOD  Used to investigate people’s subjective experiences of a particular phenomenon.  It involves collecting data from participants through interviews, or observations, and analyzing the data to gain an understanding of the essence of a phenomenon being studied.  It focuses on individual’s experiences rather than trying to be objective. 05 Kinds of Research ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY  It is used to study cultural practices, behaviors, and beliefs of a particular group of people.  It involves the immersion of a researcher into a culture being studied through participant observation, interviews, and other forms of collecting of data.  It aims to understand the culture from the inside. 05 Kinds of Research CASE STUDY  It is used to investigate a particular phenomenon or a case depth.  It involves collecting data from a single case or a small number of cases, and analyzing the data to gain understanding of specific details, and unique aspects of the case.  It focuses on individual’s experiences rather than trying to be objective. CASE STUDY PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY Case study is a detailed Phenomenology is a study investigation of the designed to understand the development of a single event, subjective, lived experiences, situation, or an individual over and perspectives of the a period of time. participants. Data collection methods Interviews are the main method includes observation, of data collection. interviews, questionnaire, etc. Focus on a single incident, Focus on various individuals event, organization, or an and their experiences. individual. Information obtained from a The information relies heavily case study cannot be used to on the interviewing skills of the  Studio Shodwe Thank You So Much @Reallygreatsit e