Research Methods and Characteristics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a defining characteristic of research that emphasizes the use of real-world data and experiences?

Hypothetical

Systematic

Controlled

Empirical (correct)

Which type of research aims to address specific questions and provide solutions that can be applied in real-world settings?

Applied research (correct)

Basic research

Quantitative research

Qualitative research

What is the primary goal of basic research?

Developing practical solutions to real-world problems

Collecting data to support existing theories

Testing hypotheses through controlled experiments

Expanding the understanding of a specific phenomenon (correct)

Which of the following statements BEST describes the characteristics of research?

Research is a systematic and controlled process that seeks to uncover new knowledge through investigation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these characteristics indicates that research follows a specific set of procedures and principles?

Systematic (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the research process, what is the primary purpose of controlling variables?

To isolate the effects of the variable being tested (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in focus between basic and applied research?

Basic research is theoretical, while applied research is practical. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following questions exemplifies the type of inquiry that research can address?

What is the impact of social media on mental health? (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which research method involves investigating the subjective experiences of individuals regarding a specific phenomenon?

Phenomenological method (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which research method is used to evaluate the viability of a project by considering various factors like legal, economic, and technical aspects?

Feasibility study (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which research method is used to study the cultural practices, behaviors, and beliefs of a specific group of people?

Ethnographic study (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which research method investigates the relationship between variables and builds theoretical models to explain these relationships?

None of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which research method involves gathering information about target markets or customers to understand customer satisfaction, market needs, and competition?

Market method (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which research method involves manipulating independent variables and observing their impact on dependent variables?

Experimental method (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which research method is used to document and analyze past events or conditions to draw conclusions about the past or predict future occurrences?

Historical research (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these methods is generally considered to be most objective?

Experimental method (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of quantitative research?

Utilizing numerical data and measurement (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of research is aimed at describing phenomena and addresses the 'WHAT' question?

Descriptive Research (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which research method investigates the relationship between two or more variables?

Correlational Research (D) Signup and view all the answers

Qualitative research primarily deals with which of the following?

Individuals' experiences and understanding (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which type of research are correlational statistical techniques applied?

Correlational Research (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason why ethical norms are significant in research according to Resnik?

They help ensure researchers are held accountable to the public. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical norm focuses on the need for transparency in communication according to Resnik?

Openness (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the ethical norm of 'responsible mentoring' emphasize in research?

Educating, mentoring, and advising others effectively. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ethical conduct in research?

Promoting personal interests. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is public awareness considered an ethical norm in research?

It helps in evaluating the potential benefits to a population. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What principle of ethical research emphasizes the importance of legal compliance?

Legality (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration regarding the treatment of colleagues in research?

Respect and fairness are fundamental. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should researchers prioritize to uphold the dignity and privacy of human subjects?

Minimizing risks involved. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of a case study in research?

To investigate a specific phenomenon in depth (B) Signup and view all the answers

In phenomenological research, what is the main method of data collection?

Interviews (D) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes phenomenological study from case study?

Phenomenology is concerned with lived experiences, whereas case studies focus on specific cases (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a limitation of case studies?

They often rely on subjective analysis rather than objective data (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential characteristic of participant observation in cultural research?

It involves the researcher immersing themselves into the culture (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic that research must exhibit according to Prieto et al. (2017)?

Analytical procedures in data gathering (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the research process involves determining how to find answers to the questions being studied?

Formulating hypothesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic ensures that research findings are based on factual situations rather than personal biases?

Objective (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the research process as outlined by Prieto et al. (2017)?

Defining the research problem (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to Resnik (2007), what does ethics in research help to promote?

Pursuit of knowledge and credibility (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is accountability important in research according to ethical norms?

To ensure researchers are responsible for their actions (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the research process outlined by Prieto et al. (2017)?

Conducting an evaluation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the original work characteristic of research imply?

Producing new data through examination (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nature of Inquiry and Research

Learners should be able to share research experiences and knowledge.
Explain the significance of research in daily life.
Describe characteristics, processes, and ethics of research.
Differentiate between quantitative and qualitative research.
Provide examples of research in areas of interest.

Research

An organized investigation and study of materials and sources to create facts and reach new inferences.
Develop appropriate solutions to improve quality of life.
A universally systematic and objective search for reliable knowledge.
A verified approach of thinking and employing legalized instruments and steps to obtain an adequate solution to a problem that is otherwise impossible to address using ordinary means.
Helps society to answer WHAT and HOW questions.
Should be a proper investigation reaching a valid conclusion to facilitate answers to questions like: How can research affect society? What is the impact of research on daily life?

Basic Research

Primarily focuses on understanding the nature of a problem.
Develops scientific theories to be more understandable for readers.
It does not have direct application, but rather increases understanding.

Applied Research

Aims to answer a specific question.
Provides solutions and validation to be applicable in a real setting.

Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research

Empirical: Based on observations and experiments of theories.
Systematic: Follows orderly and sequential procedures, based on valid principles.
Controlled: In research, all variables except those tested/experimented are held constant.
Employing Hypothesis: A search for facts, answers to questions, and solutions to problems.
Analytical: Shows analytical procedures in gathering data (historical, descriptive).
Objective: Unbiased and logical with findings based on real-life situations.
Original Work: Requires a unique examination and generation of data needed to complete a study.

Processes Involved in Research

Formulating Research Problem: What is the problem being studied?
Review of Related Literature: What evidence is available?
Formulating Hypothesis: How to find answers to questions being studied?
Research Design: Location and population of the study.
Collecting Data: Readiness to gather and locate necessary data.
Analyzing Data: How data answers research questions.
Interpreting and Reporting: Implications of the results.

Ethical Norms in Research

Promoting knowledge, truth, and credibility.
Fostering values essential to collaborative work.
Holding individuals accountable for all research activities.
Ensuring researchers are held accountable to the public.
Public awareness is essential before conducting a study, helping a certain population in a given area.

Ethical Codes and Policies for Research

Honesty: Maintaining truthful and accurate communication. Data should not be falsified.
Objectivity: Avoiding biases in experimental designs, data analysis, interpretation and expert testimony.
Integrity: Keeping promises and agreements. Avoiding careless errors and negligence.
Openness: Sharing data, results, ideas, and tools to allow criticism and new ideas.
Confidentiality: Protecting confidential communication.
Responsible Publication: Avoiding duplication of publications.
Responsible Mentoring: Helping to educate, mentor, and advise others.
Respect for Colleagues: Treating all peers fairly to promote social good and avoid harm.
Non-Discrimination: Avoiding discrimination against colleagues or students based on sex, race, ethnicity, etc.
Legality: Adherence to relevant laws and institutional policies.
Respect for Intellectual Property: Giving proper credit to all researchers.
Human Subjects: Minimizing risks to human lives, dignity, and privacy.

Written Task #1

Match characteristics of research from Column A to Column B.
Write answers in Column C.

Qualitative vs Quantitative Research

Quantitative: Positivist scientific method. Primarily concerned with numerical data and measurement.
Qualitative: Naturalistic method of research about human difficulty that discovers it directly. Focused on experiences, understanding, and individual words.

Descriptive Research

Describes a phenomenon being studied.
Addresses the WHAT question.
Uses descriptive statistics to analyze data.
Typically considers one variable at a time.
Entry level in research.

Correlational Research

Determines relationships among variables.
Data gathered from multiple variables using correlational statistical techniques.
Investigates relationship between variables.
Aims for relationships and correlations.

Experimental Research

Researchers manipulate independent variables to observe their impact on dependent variables.
Includes true experiments (random assignments) and quasi-experiments (predetermined groups).

Historical Research

Employed by researchers interested in reporting past events and/or conditions.
Establishing facts to arrive at conclusions about past events or predict future ones.

Market Research

Organized effort to gather information about target markets or customers.
Identifying and analyzing customer satisfaction, market needs, market size, competition using statistical and analytical methods.
Includes social and opinion research.

Feasibility Research

Analyzes the ability to complete a project considering legal, economic, technical, scheduling, marketing, and environmental factors.
Explores positive and negative project outcomes before significant investment.

Phenomenological Method

Investigates people's subjective experiences of a particular phenomenon.
Involves collecting data (interviews, observations) to understand the phenomenon's essence.
Focuses on individual experiences rather than objective analysis.

Ethnographic Study

Used to study cultural practices, behaviors, and beliefs of a particular group.
Immersing oneself in the culture through participation observation, interviews, and data collection.
Aims to understand the culture from the inside.

Case Study Research

Investigates a particular phenomenon or a case in depth.
Involves collecting data from a single case or a small number of cases.
Analyzes the data to gain an understanding of specific elements and unique aspects of the case.

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Description

Test your understanding of key research methods and their characteristics with this quiz. It covers essential concepts such as the differences between basic and applied research as well as the importance of real-world data. Dive into various research methodologies and their applications in real-world settings.