PPT 1_Nature of Inquiry and Research.pdf

Practical Research 2: The Nature of Inquiry and Research RENNIER T. DAMEG PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Course Description: The course aims to develop critical thinking and problem- solving skills through quantitative research. Course Content: The Nature of Inquiry and Research Id...

Practical Research 2: The Nature of Inquiry and Research RENNIER T. DAMEG PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Course Description: The course aims to develop critical thinking and problem- solving skills through quantitative research. Course Content: The Nature of Inquiry and Research Identifying the Inquiry and Stating the Problem Learning From Others and Reviewing the Literature Understanding Data and Ways to Systematically Collect Data Reporting and Sharing Findings The Nature of Inquiry and Research Our Learning Goals: After this discussion, you are expected to have the ability to… 1. describe characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses of quantitative research; 2. differentiate kinds of variables according to scales of measure; and 3. contrast kinds of quantitative research. This slideshow presentation will be made available through the trainer’s website: mathbychua.weebly.com. Download the document to use it as reference.  1. How would you define practical research? 2. Why is it important for a SHS student to know the process of conducting research? 3. Give some examples of research opportunities or topics relevant to Let’s look both your interests and your SHS back… strand. Research is a scientific, experimental, or inductive manner of thinking (Baraceros, 2016). Research is a systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information in order to increase our understanding of a phenomenon about which we are interested or concerned (Leedy & Ormrod, 2013). Practical research aims to discover truths about topics that interests or affects the researcher(s) in order to improve.  Research is a systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information in order to increase our understanding of a phenomenon about which we are interested or concerned (Leedy & Ormrod, 2013). Defining Research  works with a unbiased; all system or angles presented method Research is a systematic and objective creation of knowledge. (Creswell, 2013) a creative process Present the Collect data answer to answer to the Defining question Pose a Research question  Add to existing knowledge. Improve practice. Inform policies Solve problems, not emergencies. Why DO RESEARCH?  A systematic investigation of observable phenomena Gathers quantitative and numerical data Subjects to statistical method What is Quantitative Research?  OBJECTIVE CLEARLY DEFINED RESEARCH QUESTIONS STRUCTURED RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS NUMERICAL DATA LARGE SAMPLE SIZES Characteristics REPLICATION of Quantitative FUTURE OUTCOMES Research? Is research relatable? The Effects of Korean Drama on Students Majority of students who took part in the research do not consider their fanaticism with Korean drama to have affected their sleeping patterns. Also, the study shows the same students are financially responsible and are not even willing to buy products and franchises relative to this type of entertainment. Is research relatable? Today’s Teens: More Materialistic, Less Willing to Work Jean Twenge and Tim Kasser, San Diego State University (2007) “Compared to previous generations, recent high school graduates are more likely to want money and nice things, but less likely to say they’re willing to work hard to earn them” 62 percent of student-teenagers from 2005-07 think it is important to have lots of money as compared to only 48 percent of the teenagers within 1976-78. 39 percent of the group admitted that they are not willing to work compared to only 25 percent from the older group. Is research relatable? Social Media Usage and Depression University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine “The more time young adults use social media, the more likely they are depressed.” The 1,787 participants of the study used social media 61 minutes per day and visited various social media accounts 30 times per week. 25 percent of these participants were classified as having high indicators of depression. Is research relatable? Teens, Kindness and Cruelty on Social Network Sites Amanda Lenhart (2011) Despite the negative portrayal of adolescent social media usage by most news outlets, nearly 70% of over 800 teens surveyed said that they view people are “mostly kind” to one another online. 20% responded that their peers were “mostly unkind”, while the rest said “it depends.” What research is NOT (Leedy & Ormrod, 2013) 1. Research is not merely gathering information. 2. Research is not merely rummaging around for hard-to-locate information. 3. Research is not merely transporting facts from one location to another.  Pearson R (relationship between two variables) ANOVA (analysis of variance) – statistical difference between 2 variables with effect T-test (the presence of statistical difference between 2 variables Statistical Methods for Multiple regression (relationship bet. Quantitative Several IND variable and 1 DEP Research variable  In comparison to qualitative research. single reality vs. multiple realities establishing relationships and explaining cause of correlation vs. understanding situations in a participant’s perspective pre-established design vs. emerging design detached researcher vs. immersed Quantitativ researcher e Research to generalize vs. to assess applicability Fraenkel & Wallen, 2009 Quantitative Research Its STRENGTHS and WEAKNESSES  STENGTHS WEAKNESSES What personal What personal traits do you traits can deter possess did you you from doing find useful in doing research? research? THREATS OPPORTUNITIES What external What opportunities factors do you do you see in Assess consider as threats research? in doing research? Yourself  NGHPOONLECEMIALO RHATOGENHCGI DUREDGON HORYTE LACOTSIRHI SEISUDT ESCA TYDSU JUMPSTART  1. Phenomenological – Exploring the essence of human experiences and understanding those experiences. 2. Ethnographic – a study through direct observation of users in their natural environment. Includes culture and customs of indigenous peoples. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN  3. Grounded Theory – understand social phenomena by systematically collecting and analyzing data without preconceived notions. Example analysis of older adults and information technology. 4. Historical Study – the study of primary and secondary sources such as historical documents and archives in researching an event from the past. QUALITATIVE 5. Case Study –A detailed study of a specific RESEARCH subject, such as a person, group, place, event, DESIGN organization, or phenomenon.  Quantitative Research Designs Manipulating Studying Correla Experi conditions and relationships tional mental studying effects Non- experimental research Descrip Describing tive characteristics  Quantitative Research Designs Descriptive Examples: What are the sleeping A cross-sectional survey Research habits of SHS students in collects information from NNCHS? a sample coming from Sometimes called survey various groups that has research, it aims to What factors affected the been drawn from a describe systematically the SHS track choice of SHS predetermined facts and characteristics students? population. of a given population or Your Turn area of interest, factually Consider your chosen research and accurately interest or topic. Come up with a research question that falls under descriptive research.  Quantitative Research Designs Correlational Explanatory Research Prediction Examples: research research design design Does seeks wearingto school identify determines the variables uniform that have will any predict extent to which two aims to describe and an outcome relationship or criterion. with variables (or more) co- measure the degree of students’ ability to vary. association between two participate? Your Turn or more variables or sets Consider your chosen research of scores. Is there a relationship interest or topic. Come up with a between phone brand research question that falls and Facebook usage under correlational research. among teens?  Quantitative Research Designs Causal This kind of research Comparative/Quasi Attempts to establish derives conclusion from -Experimental cause and effect observation and relationship among the manifestations that Also known as ex-post variables already occurred in the facto (after the fact) past. research. It discusses why Your Turn and how a phenomenon occurs. How weight influences Consider your chosen research stress-coping level of interest or topic. Come up with a research question that falls adults. under correlational research. Quantitative Research Designs Experimental Types Research True experiments Independent EG: R O1 x O2 variable CG: R O1 x O2 attempts to influence a Quasi-experiments particular variable EG: O1 x O2 Dependent CG: O1 x O2 variable tests hypotheses about cause-and-effect relationships ACTIVITY ONE Internet availability at home and Determine the student’s average sleeping time at night Social media involvement and practices design of Grade 12 STEM students The effect of the use of milk tea bottles on the shelf life of a product. The marketability of digital watch to SHS students. Children of single parents and their level of social anxiety. As a group, decide on a researchable topic leading to a quantitative research suited to the level of SHS students.  LET’S HAVE AN EXERCISE! TRUE OR FALSE DIRECTIONS: WRITE TRUE IF THE STATEMENT IS CORRECT. WRITE FALSEIF IT IS INCORRECT. IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE ACROSS FIELDS The value of quantitative research to man’s quest to discover the unknown and improve underlying conditions is undeniable. Throughout history, quantitative research has paved the way to finding meaningful solutions to difficulties. For instance, the development of vaccines to strengthen our immunity against viruses causing highly communicable diseases like polio, influenza, chickenpox, and measles to name a few, underwent thorough experimental trials. You bet, scientists and medical experts all over the world today are working their best to fast track the development, testing and release of the vaccine for the Corona Virus Disease of 2019 (Covid-19) as the pandemic has critically affected the world economy, education, as well as physical and emotional well-being of people. IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE ACROSS FIELDS The findings of the quantitative study can influence leaders and law-makers’ decisions for crafting and implementing laws for the safety and welfare of the more significant majority. For example, a community with high cases of Covid-19 positive patients is mandated by law to be under Enhanced Community Quarantine where only the most essential businesses can operate. On the other hand, cities with less or zero case will be under General Community Quarantine where some businesses, public and private offices are already allowed to operate. IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE ACROSS FIELDS Most inventions and innovations are products of quantitative studies. Before you can enjoy the uses and features of a smart phone, it took years of research to establish compliance to standards for interoperability, to find the most cost-effective raw materials, identify the sleekest and sturdiest design, the fastest data saving and processing power, and most marketable add-ons according to consumer needs. Indeed, mankind will dwell in the darkness of ignorance if not for the people who conducted their research before reading about it from books or manuals. IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE ACROSS FIELDS WHERE DO I Listed in Column A are the important inventions, innovations or discoveries in history. Identify which field in Column B do these BELONG? discoveries have great importance. Column A Column B 1. Vaccine A. Agriculture and Fisheries 2. Refrigeration B. Natural and Physical Science 3. Printing press C. Business and Accounting 4. Computer D. Information and Communications Technology 5. Airplane E. Arts 6. Photo finishes F. Education 7. Social media G. Sports 8. Paint H. Humanities and Social Science I. Mathematics  A TAKE HOME ACTIVITY TAKE HOME ACTIVITY B TAKE HOME C ACTIVITY