Philippine Politics and Governance Module 1 PDF

1 Philippine Politics and Governance First Quarter- Module 1 Topic: The Importance Of Philippine Politics and Governance 1  2 Philippine Politics and Governance Suppleme...

1 Philippine Politics and Governance First Quarter- Module 1 Topic: The Importance Of Philippine Politics and Governance 1  2 Philippine Politics and Governance Supplementary Learning Material Quarter 1 – Module 1: Explain the importance of Politics and Governance______________________ Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. 2  3 Department of Education – Schools Division Office, Mandaluyong Office Address: Calbayog St. Highway Hills, Mandaluyong City Telephone number: CID- 79552557 E-mail Address:[email protected] www.depedmandaluyong.org The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Handle this module with care. Use a separate sheet in answering the exercises. 2. Read the directions carefully before doing each task. 3. Activities in this module can be done individually or with the help of your teacher, home learning partner or knowledge source partner. 4. Finish this module for the intended week. 5. Return this module to the authorize person in charge of retrieval. 3  4 Name :_________________________ Grade/Section:_____________ Date:_________________ FIRST QUARTER Module No. 1: Explain the concept, relationship and importance of politics,governance, and government Lesson 1: Politics and how it can be studied and the meaning of Governance WHAT I NEED TO KNOW: After this lesson, you should be able to: 1. Define what politics is. 2. Differentiate the various views on politics. 3. Explore the connection between the phenomenon (politics) and the method of inquiry (Political Science). WHAT I KNOW: Directions: Read the following statements below. Choose the appropriate letter for each item. 1. It is an art, creation and science of the government. It is also a maintenance and amendment of social rules or norms. A. Politics C. Sociology B. Economics D. History 2. It is an attitude of the people about what they consider in mind that government is a rightful ruler over them. A. Authority C. Sovereignty B. Legitimacy D. Integrity 3. It is the empirical objective approach in which it places little emphasis on abstract and normative question, and concentrates on a dispassionate and objective of the realities of politics A. Social Responsibility C. Political Science 4  5 B. Political Dynasty D. Social Science 4. If you tend to use force to affect the behavior of another person or group you already using _____________. A. Sovereignity B. Authority C. Legitimacy D. Politics 5. It is a field of Political Science that covers the political views, thoughts or doctrines and ideology. A. Political Law C. Public Administration B. Political Theory D. Public System WHAT’ S IN (Review) Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, FALSE if it is incorrect. Write your answers on the blank provided for you. ___________1. Political Science is the study of power and government systems. ___________2. Power is not a central concept in political science. ___________3. The study of politics involves a complex process of quantitative and qualitative interpretations based on available data. ___________4. Aristotle defined political science as the study of people. ___________5. Politics is generally defined as the activity that influences an individual or a group of people. WHAT’ S NEW Political Science 5  6 Political Science is the academic discipline that deals with key issues and concepts in political. Niccolo Machiavelli is widely accepted as the father of modern political science because of his discussion on maintaining power in his books,The Prince and Discourses. But even before Machiavelli, both Plato and Aristotle had already provided broad discussions on the central concepts in politics such as the concept of justice ( what and who is morally and politically right), power (source of authority), the right types of constitutions and governments (different types of governments and states), political structures (different ideologies in a state), and right and virtuous leadership(who should lead in a certain political system) (Curtis 1981). key fields in politics include power relations in society, forms of government, political behavior, and with the cultural turn of the 20th century, the inclusion of political culture and the civil society’s role in government. While politics deals with power in society in general, governance specifically deals with power in government and how this institution exerts power for the benefit of the society. Today, the discussion of politics and governance in political science has been divided in different fields of interests, namely, political theory, political methodology, comparative politics, international relations, and law (Roskin et al. 2007). Political Theory deals with the different perspectives and ideas regarding politics and governance of different political philosophers from the ancient times like Aristotle to Niccolo Machiavelli, to the time of Industrial Revolution through Karl Marx, and contemporary philosophers like Hannah Arendt. Political Methodology is more concerned upon the application of political concepts into research and policy making almost similar to the applied nature of public administration (Roskin et al. 2007). Comparative Politics is about comparing various political systems and different constitutions among different countries through time. This type of study is not new for it was made by Aristotle and Plato during the golden age of ancient Greece in their influential works, Aristotle’s Politics and Plato’s The Republic , when they compared various forms of governments ( Roskin et al. 2007). International relations bear resemblance to comparative politics; but instead of comparing, it concentrates on establishing and maintaining relations among countries through time. And by relations, those who are studying this field attempt on maintaining peaceful and diplomatic relations among countries ( Roskin et al. 2007). Law is another concept in politics and governance. Law is basically any written statement that limits or guides the behavior of a certain group. Politics, as the art and science of government, highlights the role of law in organizing and stabilizing individual interests to prevent the overlapping individual needs and promote collective gains in society (Roskin et al. 2007). The knowledge of politics and governance therefore is a critical attribute of a citizen belonging to a certain state. In ancient Greece, anyone who was ignorant of the laws and the political processes of the polis was considered an idiot (Curtis 1981) primarily because of the democratic structure of the polis where every male was expected to participate in decision making and politics. Today, the knowledge of politics and governance not only helps in the participation of an individual in thestate but it also helps in safeguarding an individual in the state against bad government practices and abuses. What are your thoughts? 6  7 Directions: Read the following guide questions below. Write your answer on the space provided for you. 1. Why we should study the basic concepts of political science? 2. Which of the fields of interest in political science enumerated above (i.e., comparative politics) should leaders and aspiring politicians focus on? Defend your answer. 3.Which aspect of political science are you most interested in? Why or why not? Directions: Read the following words below. Define each term properly. 1. Political Science 2. Polis 3. Justice 4. Law 5. Governance ASSESSMENT (Post Test) Directions: Read the statements below. Encircle the letter of the correct answer. 1. It refers to various ways in which a certain political system establishes and monitors its mechanism and policies. A. Governance B. Government C. Citizen D. Ideology 2. In the modern as well as Western sense, it is a codified set of statement that guides the behavior of a certain group. In including other cultural groups experience, however, this may include unwritten practices. A. Political Science B. Politics C. Law D. Power 3. According to these philosophers, humans are not self- sufficing so they find the need to come together as a community. A. Karl Marx and Hannah Arendt 7  8 B. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke C. Aristotle and Plato D. Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Niccolo Machiavelli 4. It is more concerned upon the application of political concepts into research and policy making almost similar to the applied nature of public administration. A. Political theory C. Political Methodology B. Comparative politics D. International relations 5. It is an academic discipline that deals with the key issues and concepts in politics. A. Political behavior C. Political methodology B. Political theory D. Political Science REFERENCES: Pawilen R.A. , Pawiilen Reidan M. “Politics, Governance, and Other key Concepts”, Philippine Politics and Governance First Edition for SHS pp.2-28 Pulma Erlinda B. “Introduction to Politics”, Philippine Politics and Governance First Edition for SHS, pp. 3-12 Legaspi, Perla E. (2005). Overview of Governance Framework. A Working Draft on a Handbook on LGU- SPA Partnership; UP NCPAG. Mortenssen ,Alexxis “ Politics” Centre Daily Times 2016 ANSWER KEY WHAT I KNOW: WHAT’S IN 1. A 1. TRUE 2. B 2. FALSE 3. C 3. TRUE 4. D 4. FALSE 5. B 5. TRUE ASSESSMENT 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. D 8  9 9