Philippine Politics and Governance PDF

PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE For Senior High School Philippine Politics and Governance Philippine Politics and Governance Philippine Politics and Governance Philippine Politics and Governance Unit 1: Introduction to Politics and Governance Lesson 1: Politics and Governance: Key...

PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE For Senior High School Philippine Politics and Governance Philippine Politics and Governance Philippine Politics and Governance Philippine Politics and Governance Unit 1: Introduction to Politics and Governance Lesson 1: Politics and Governance: Key Concepts Unit 1: Introduction to Politics and Governance ▪ Gives an overview of the political concepts and theories relevant to the study of Philippine politics and governance. The students are introduced to political science as an academic discipline, as well as its various methods and related concepts. In particular, the discussions focus on clarifying the concepts of state, nation, power, authority, and accountability. The significance of globalizations in politics, as well as key political ideologies, are also discussed and analyzed.  POLITICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE UNIT 1 – An introduction to Politics and Governance LESSON 1 – Politics and Governance: Key Concepts ▪ The term ‘politics’ is derived from the Greek word ‘Polis’, which means the city state. ▪ According to Greek Philosophers, it was a subject which dealt with all the activities and affairs of the city state. ▪ It is commonly defined as the PROCESS that determines the distribution of power and resources. ▪ It also refers to the THEORY and PRACTICE of how people influence others in making decisions and carrying out projects and programs. ▪ AS DEFINED within political science, refers to human behavior with regard to matters related to government activities: ▪ such as the formulation and execution of policies, creation of laws, selection of government officials; negotiations with foreign governments and other entities or organizations; protection of territorial boundaries; preservation of cultural heritage and tradition; and upholding the public interest and welfare. ▪ It is often associated with the concept of power and the exercise of legitimate authority in a state.  WHAT IS POLITICAL SCIENCE? It is a branch of the social sciences that deals with the study of POLITICS.  WHAT IS POLITICAL SCIENCE? It deals with systems of government and the analysis of political activity.  WHAT IS POLITICAL SCIENCE? As a SOCIAL SCIENCE, political science follows scientific methodology in the investigation and study of human behavior in relation to political activities and developments.  WHAT IS POLITICAL SCIENCE? It studies the allocation and transfer of power in decision making; the roles and systems of governance including governments and international organizations; political behavior and public policies.  People who devote their academic careers to the study of Political Science. Engaged in analyzing the relationships underlying political events and conditions. Attempt to formulate general principles about the way of world of politics works. Utilize primary sources which include historical documents, and secondary sources such as published books and journals. Similar to Anthropolgists, they utilize a wide variety of frameworks* to understand social behavior. Measure success of governance and specific policies by examining various factors such as social and political stability, justice, material wealth, peace and public health.  The government should raise the Ideal descriptions of political minimum wage. situations They make a claim about how the world ought to be. Minimum-wage laws cause Describe political situations as unemployment they are, as well as specific policy recommendations. They make a claim about how the world is.  POSITIVE AND NORMATIVE STATEMENTS Normative Statements: Normative Statements are subjective statements – i.e. they carry value judgements about what ought to be. For example: Unemployment is more harmful that inflation Positive Statements: Positive Statements are objective statements that can be tested, amended or rejected by referring to available evidence. Positive Economics deals with objective explanation and the testing and rejection of theories. For example: The falling price of crude oil on world markets will lead to a fall in demand for fuel efficient cars. Basis for Comparison Political Science Politics Political Science refers to Politics implies activity the branch of knowledge related to state and power. Meaning that studies all the aspects of state and power. It is part of social science. It is a social activity. What is it? Both empirical facts and Problems of the citizens by Deals with normative issues interacting them politically Political scientist, scholars, Politicians, lobbyist, and Actors and academics administrators To understand different To initiate public welfare political patterns and to and improve their provide such a framework conditions by Objective which expresses reality implementing constructive policies.  FIELDS OF STUDY AND BRANCHES OF POLITICAL SCIENCES UNIT 1 – An introduction to Politics and Governance LESSON 1 – Politics and Governance: Key Concepts POLITICAL SCIENCE HAS EVOLVED INTO A DISCIPLINE THAT HAS DEVELOPED THE FOLLOWING BRANCHES: Political Theory Comparative Politics Public Administration International Relations Public Law, and Political Methodology. POLITICAL SCIENCE HAS EVOLVED INTO A DISCIPLINE THAT HAS DEVELOPED THE FOLLOWING BRANCHES: Political Theory Concerned with the study of the ideas and contributions of classical thinkers: Aristotle – The government exists to promote and foster virtue in a way that leads to the good life of its citizens. Niccolo Machiavelli argues that the most successful kings were not the ones who acted according to dictates of law, or justice, or conscience, but those willing to do whatever was necessary to preserve their own power and thus indirectly preserve the states’ order. POLITICAL SCIENCE HAS EVOLVED INTO A DISCIPLINE THAT HAS DEVELOPED THE FOLLOWING BRANCHES: Comparative Politics Compares and analyzes the various types of constitutions, political actors, legislature, and associated fields among countries, as well as within a single country over a period of time. POLITICAL SCIENCE HAS EVOLVED INTO A DISCIPLINE THAT HAS DEVELOPED THE FOLLOWING BRANCHES: Public Administration Is the study of the implementation of government policy and public service. POLITICAL SCIENCE HAS EVOLVED INTO A DISCIPLINE THAT HAS DEVELOPED THE FOLLOWING BRANCHES: International Relations Deals with the political-economic interaction between nation-states as well as intergovernmental and transnational organizations. POLITICAL SCIENCE HAS EVOLVED INTO A DISCIPLINE THAT HAS DEVELOPED THE FOLLOWING BRANCHES: Public Law Is a field of law that studies the relationship between government and citizens. POLITICAL SCIENCE HAS EVOLVED INTO A DISCIPLINE THAT HAS DEVELOPED THE FOLLOWING BRANCHES: Political Methodology Is the branch of political science that uses quantitative* methods to describe and define political phenomena.  KEY CONCEPTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE UNIT 1 – An introduction to Politics and Governance LESSON 1 – Politics and Governance: Key Concepts Among the most significant concepts that are the focus of study in political It is defined as an organized science is the State. political community living under a government. Elements of a State: ▪ Population ▪ Territory ▪ Government ▪ Sovereignty Among the most significant concepts that are the focus of study in political It is defined as an organized science is the State. political community living under a government. Elements of a State: ▪ Population ▪ Refers to the people that compose the state. Among the most significant concepts that are the focus of study in political It is defined as an organized science is the State. political community living under a government. Elements of a State: ▪ Territory ▪ Refers to the place where the people are located. Among the most significant concepts that are the focus of study in political It is defined as an organized science is the State. political community living under a government. Elements of a State: ▪ Government ▪ Is the system that administers or controls the state, and is the instrument through which the will of the state is made known and implemented. Among the most significant concepts that are the focus of study in political It is defined as an organized science is the State. political community living under a government. Elements of a State: ▪ Sovereignty ▪ Refers to the ability of the state to govern itself without outside influence or interference.  Other important concepts that should be considered in studying politics: Legitimacy is the right of the Governance refers to all Ideology is a set of ideas government to exercise actions and activities and beliefs that define the power and authority. It also related to governing. views and actions of refers to the recognition individuals, groups, and given to a state by foreign institutions. governments and international organizations.  THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE UNIT 1 – An introduction to Politics and Governance LESSON 1 – Politics and Governance: Key Concepts POLITICS IN GRECO-ROMAN TIMES Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were the prominent figures in understanding politics during their time. Socrates Plato Aristotle Ethics and politics are closely connected with each other. POLITICS IN GRECO-ROMAN TIMES Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were the prominent figures in understanding politics during their time. Socrates Plato Aristotle The Republic and Ethics and politics Laws focused on are closely political analysis connected with and theories each other. relating to governance. POLITICS IN GRECO-ROMAN TIMES Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were the prominent figures in understanding politics during their time. Socrates Plato Aristotle The Republic and Politics and Ethics and politics Laws focused on Nicomachean Ethics are closely political analysis dealt politics and connected with and theories the history of Greek each other. relating to statesmanship and governance. citizenship. MEDIEVAL AND RENAISSANCE POLITICAL THOUGHT The decline of the Roman Empire was characterized by the emergence of monarchies and tyrannies. Medieval Period Renaissance Period ▪ St. Augustine of Hippo ▪ Niccolò Machiavelli ▪ St. Thomas Aquinas ▪ Thomas Moore ▪ Averroes ▪ The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam ▪ Ferdowsi THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT UP TO THE 19TH CENTURY The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were the golden age of political enlightenment. European Thinkers ▪ Denis Diderot John Locke ▪ John Locke Natural Law ▪ Jean Jacques ▪ Rousseau Jean Jacques Rosseau ▪ Thomas Hobbes, and Social Contract ▪ Voltaire. THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT UP TO THE 19TH CENTURY The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were the golden age of political enlightenment. American Thinkers ▪ Alexander Hamilton contributed much to the ▪ Benjamin Franklin development of American ▪ Thomas Jefferson republicanism and democracy. MODERN POLITICAL SCIENCE Political science in the 1950s and the 1960s was defined by a behavioral revolution that stressed the systematic and rigorous scientific study of individual and group behavior. 1950 & 1960 American Thinkers 1960 & 1970 American Thinkers ▪ Robert Dahl William H. Riker ▪ Philip converse His colleagues and students ▪ Paul Lazarsfeld at the University of Rochester ▪ Bernard Berelson  GOVERNMENT AND GOVERNANCE EXPLAINED UNIT 1 – An introduction to Politics and Governance LESSON 1 – Politics and Governance: Key Concepts  Tell about the points of interest in your country that people from other countries may be interested in visiting.