Philippine Politics & Governance Lecture Notes PDF

Republic of the Philippines Department of Education-National Capital Region Schools Division of Pasay PHILIPPINE POLITICS & GOVERNANCE  POLITICS Origin of Politics (Zaide, 1983) Polis – city-state Polites – citizens Politikos – government officials ...

Republic of the Philippines Department of Education-National Capital Region Schools Division of Pasay PHILIPPINE POLITICS & GOVERNANCE  POLITICS Origin of Politics (Zaide, 1983) Polis – city-state Polites – citizens Politikos – government officials  POLITICS ▪ The word “politics” comes from the word “polis” meaning a Greek City State. ▪ The world “politics” in political science means “struggle for power”.  POLITICS ▪ Politics can change the status quo of the state. ▪ Political science can be described as “the branch of social science which deals with the study of State and Government” POLITICS ❖Politics is a part of man’s rational being. ❖“Man by nature is political animal.” POLITICS The Political System (1953) “Politics involves the authoritative allocation of values for a society”  POLITICS “Politics is the collective decision-making or the making of public policies for an entire society.” POLITICS “Politics is the exercise of power” POLITICS AS A SCIENCE ❖Political science is branch of social science which deals with the study of state and its elements. ❖It begins and ends with a state. ❖It investigates phenomena and hypothesis. ELEMENTS TO BECOME A SCIENCE Body of knowledge Based on facts Deals with experiments Observation  BASIC CONCEPT IN POLITICS ACCORDING TO PLATO AND ARISTOTLE Justice - What and who is morally and politically right. Power - source of authority The right types of constitutions and governments – different types of governments and states. Political structure- different ideologies in a state. Right and virtuous leadership – who should lead in a certain political system  POLITICAL SETTINGS IN THE PHILIPPINES Presidential form of government Power is equally divided among its three branches Executive Legislative Judicial  The government seeks to act in the best interest of its citizens through this system of check and balance GOVERNANCE  GOVERNANCE The word “governance” came from the latin verb “gubernare” or more originally from the Greek word “kubernaein” which means “to steer.”  GOVERNANCE Refers to the manner of steering or governing, or of directing and controlling, a group of people or a state.  GOVERNANCE Exercise of power or authority by political leaders for the well-being of their country’s citizens or subjects. Exercise of power or authority by political leaders for the well-being of their country’s citizens or subjects.  GOVERNANCE The power exercised by the participating sectors of the society is always for the common good. A great deal about governance is the proper and effective utilization of resources.  GOVERNANCE CONCEPTS: Governance is synonyms of government, “the act or process of governing, specifically authoritative direction and control”. Webster’s Third New International Dictionary (1986:982)  GOVERNANCE Governance involves interaction between the formal institutions and those in civil society. A process whereby elements in society wield power, authority and influence and enact policies and decisions concerning public life and social upliftment.  GOVERNANCE Not only encompasses but transcends the collective meaning of related concepts like the state, government, regime and good government.  GOVERNANCE John Healey and Mark Robinson define “good government” as follows: ❑ It implies a high level of organizational effectiveness in relation to policy-formulation and the policies actually pursued.  GOVERNANCE ❑Implies accountability, transparency, participation, openness and the Rule of law.  GOVERNANCE 8 MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE Rule of Law- requires fair legal frameworks. Responsiveness- organizations and their processes are designed to serve the bests interests of stakeholders within a reasonable time frame.  GOVERNANCE Transparency- Information should be provided in easily, accessible and understandable forms and media Consensus Oriented- consultation to understand the different interests of stakeholders  GOVERNANCE Equity and Inclusiveness- The organization that provides the opportunity for its stakeholders Effectiveness and Efficiency- To produce favorable results meet the needs of its stakeholders  GOVERNANCE Accountability- Accountable for what should be documented in policy statements. Participation- Participation by both men and women, either directly or through legitimate representatives  GOVERNANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF BAD GOVERNANCE Cheating against the wills of many citizens Lack of transparency and accountability  GOVERNANCE Corruption and Crimes Inefficient bureaucracies Poor quality of services Non responsiveness  GOVERNANCE Low citizen engagement and trust Old-fashioned leadership Resistance to innovation in Government  GOVERNMENT VS GOVERNANCE  GOVERNMENT Government is a group of people who rule or run the administration of a country. Government is the medium through which the power of the state is employed.  GOVERNMENT It may be different types Democracy Autocracy  GOVERNMENT The government may be labeled as good or bad according to their ways of working for the good of the people.  GOVERNANCE The act of governing or ruling. It is the set of rules and laws framed by the government that are to be implemented through the representatives of the state.  GOVERNANCE Governance may be of various types: Global Governance Corporate Governance Project Information Technology Participatory Non-Profit and a few others  Importance of Politics, Government and Governance ✓ Government and politics impacts nearly every aspect of our lives. ✓Having knowledge of politics helps make you an informed voter.