Plant Organ System and Function PDF

Plant Organ System and their functions. OBJECTIVES 01 Describe plant systems in terms of reproduction, development, nutrition, gas exchange, and transport 02 Describe examples of homeostasis and the major features of feedback loops that produce such homeostasis. 03 Explain how org...

Plant Organ System and their functions. OBJECTIVES 01 Describe plant systems in terms of reproduction, development, nutrition, gas exchange, and transport 02 Describe examples of homeostasis and the major features of feedback loops that produce such homeostasis. 03 Explain how organisms maintain steadily internal conditions from specialized structures and processes.  FEATURES OF THE TOPIC Plant form and function Plant Nutrition Plant Hormones, Responses and Plant Growth and Development Feedback mechanism Transport System in plants Plant Reproduction  Major Plant Parts Roots Stems INTRODUCTION Leaves Flowers  System System – a group of tissues and organs that perform specific functions System Shoot System – supports the plant, performs photosynthesis, and transport the sap. Root system- takes in water and nutrients from the soil and transports them to the shoot system. Roots- Function Absorb water and nutrients Anchor the plant and support the above ground part of the plant. Store food Root system- 2 Types Fibrous root- a system that has no primary dominant root Tap root- a system composed of one primary root and many secondary roots that branch off. Tap Root Fibrous Root CONCEPTS Primary Root- the first root to emerge at germination, May become the main tap root Secondary Roots- roots that branched out form the primary root. Apical meristem- area at the tip of the root where new cells develop. Stems- functions Support the leaves and position them so they can receive as much sunlight as possible Responsible for the size and shape of the plant. Move water, minerals, and manufactured food throughout the plants. Green stems produce food through photosynthesis.  Stems Internal Structure Xylem- Tissue responsible for carrying water and nutrients from the roots to leaves. It is located near the center of the stem.  Stems Internal Structure Phloem- Tissue responsible for carrying food produced in the leaf to the rest of the plant. The phloem is usually located near the outside of the stem Xylem  Stems Internal Structure Cambium- responsible for the production of new xylem and phloem. It is found between the xylem and phloem.  Stems Specialized Stem Bulbs- Short flattened stems which has several fleshy leaves. Bulbs are found beneath the soil. E.g. Onions  Stems Specialized Stem Corm- Spherical structure similar to a bulb. E.g. Gladiolus  Stems Specialized Stem Rhizomes- Thick underground stem which lies horizontally E.g. Ginger  Stems Specialized Stem Stolon- Horizontal stems which lies above the ground, often called runners. E.g. Strawberry runners  Stems Specialized Stem Tuber- rhizome that is swollen with stored food. E.g. Potatoes Leaves Produce food for the plants. They are designed to efficiently collect light and use that light to make energy.  Leaf parts Leaf Blade- Large, broad, flat surface whose job is to collect sunlight Petiole- Supports the leaf and holds it away from the stem Midrib- Main vain running down the center of the leaf. It helps hold the leaf so it is always facing the sun. Leaf type Vein Patterns  Leaf Layers Cuticle- The top waxy, non- cellular part of the leaf. Its job is to prevent water from escaping. Epidermis- Skin layer of cells found on both top and bottom of the leaf. Its job is to protect the leaf.  Leaf Layers Palisade mesophyll- a layer of cells standing on end directly below the upper epidermis. This area is responsible for photosynthesis. Spongy Mesophyll- Loosely packed cells located beneath the palisade mesophyll. This area is responsible for holding the products of Photosynthesis  Leaf Layers Stomata- Holes in the lower epidermis, responsible for gas exchange Guard cells- Surround the stomata which open and close them.  Flowers Stamen- Male part of a flower Pistil (carpel)- Female part of a flower  Stamen Filament- stalk like in the stamen that holds up the anther Anther- sack-like structures that contain the pollen Pollen grains are released from the anther that contains the sperm Staminate- Flowers that have only male parts  Pistil Stigma- sticky part of the pistil that is receptive to the pollen. Style- Rod shaped middle part that has a swollen base (ovary) containing eggs. Petals- colorful leaf life structure Corolla- When all the petals are fused together Sepals- green leaves that protect the flower before it opens. Calyx- when all the sepals are fused together  Sexual reproduction in Plants - Stamen releases pollens. - Pollens are carried by winds, gravity, animals or insects to the stigma of another flower. -The pollen moves from the stigma down to the pollen tube -The style deposits the sperm to the ovary -Fertilization occurs -The ovary and the surrounding part will become fruit -The fertilized eggs become seeds.  Flower Types Perfect flowers- Has both male and female parts Imperfect flower- A flower that is missing either the male or female part. Complete Flower- Flowers that have sepals, petals, pistil and stamen Incomplete flower- When flower is missing sepals, petals, pistil or stamen  Flower Types Imperfect flowers are always incomplete, Incomplete flowers may or may not be imperfect  Plant Nutrition Light Water Air Temperature Growth Regulators- Plant hormones- Naturally produced by the plants Auxins- Growth hormones produced by the apical meristem. They encourage height growth and discourage lateral growth. Cytokinins- produced in roots and seeds. Responsible for cell division and differentiation. Ethylene- Produced by ripening fruits, it stimulates ripening and flowering  Growth Regulators Gibberellins- produced in stem, roots and young leaves. They are responsible for intermodal elongation Abscisic Acid- Found in seeds. A hormone that inhibits growth.  Plant Classification Non- Flowering Flowering Ferns Monocots Conifers Dicots Non- Flowering Ferns Conifers Thank You! THANKS Credits CREDITS This is where you give credit to the ones who are part of this project. ◂ Presentation template by Slidesgo ◂ Icons by Flaticon ◂ Infographics by Freepik ◂ Images created by Freepik ◂ Author introduction slide photo created by Freepik ◂ Text & Image slide photo created by Freepik.com