Plant Organ Systems and Functions

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Questions and Answers

What is the male part of a flower called?

Pistil

Stamen (correct)

Sepal

Corolla

Which part of the pistil is sticky and receptive to pollen?

Anther

Stigma (correct)

Ovary

Style

What do imperfections in flowers refer to?

Flowers lacking petals only

Flowers that do not produce seeds

Flowers with excessive sepals

Flowers missing either male or female parts (correct)

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating flowering?

Ethylene Signup and view all the answers

Which type of flower contains both male and female parts?

Perfect flower Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of auxins in plant growth?

Encourage height growth Signup and view all the answers

What is true about complete flowers?

They contain all four main parts: sepals, petals, pistil, and stamen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a non-flowering plant?

Monocots Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the phloem in a plant stem?

To carry food from leaves to the rest of the plant Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue is responsible for producing new xylem and phloem?

Cambium Signup and view all the answers

What is a bulb in the context of plant structures?

An underground stem with fleshy leaves Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is a spherical type of specialized stem?

Corm Signup and view all the answers

What primarily happens in the palisade mesophyll layer of a leaf?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What role do stomata play in a plant leaf?

Enable gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the leaf is responsible for protecting it?

Cuticle Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of guard cells in relation to stomata?

Open and close the stomata Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the root system in plants?

Absorption of water and nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Which type of root system contains a single primary root?

Tap root Signup and view all the answers

What role does the xylem play in a plant's internal structure?

Transports water and nutrients from roots to leaves Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the plant system is primarily responsible for photosynthesis?

Leaves Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the apical meristem in plants?

Development of new cells Signup and view all the answers

What is a fibrous root system characterized by?

Many thin roots without a dominant root Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of stems in plants?

Growing new roots Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of feedback mechanisms in plants?

Maintenance of internal conditions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plant Organ Systems and their Functions

Plant systems are studied in terms of reproduction, development, nutrition, gas exchange, and transport.
Homeostasis and feedback loops are examples of how organisms maintain stable internal conditions.
Specialized structures and processes are responsible for homeostasis.

Plant Parts and Functions

Roots: Absorb water and nutrients, anchor the plant, and store food.
Two Types of Root Systems:
- Fibrous root system – no primary dominant root
- Tap root system – one primary root and many secondary roots
Root Parts:
- Primary root: The first root to emerge
- Secondary roots: Roots that branch out from the primary root
- Root hairs: Increase surface area for water absorption
- Apical meristem: Area at the root tip for cell development
- Root cap: Protects the apical meristem
Stems: Support leaves, determine plant size/shape, transport water, minerals, and food, and some perform photosynthesis.
Internal Stem Structure:
- Xylem: Transports water and nutrients from roots to leaves, located near the stem's center
- Phloem: Transports food produced in leaves to other parts of the plant, located near the stem's exterior
- Cambium: Produces new xylem and phloem, positioned between xylem and phloem.
Specialized Stems:
- Bulbs: Short, flattened stems with fleshy leaves (e.g., onions)
- Corms: Spherical structures similar to bulbs (e.g., gladiolus)
- Rhizomes: Thick underground stems that lie horizontally (e.g., ginger)
- Stolons: Horizontal stems that grow above ground (e.g., strawberry runners)
- Tubers: Swollen rhizomes that store food (e.g., potatoes)

Leaves

Leaves produce food for the plant by efficiently collecting light and converting it to energy.
Leaf Parts:
- Blade: Large, flat surface to collect sunlight
- Petiole: Supports the leaf and connects it to the stem
- Midrib: Main vein running down the center of the leaf
- Veins: Transport water and food
- Stipules: Small appendages at the base of the petiole
Leaf Types:
- Simple leaf: A single blade (e.g., cottonwood)
- Palmately compound leaf: Multiple leaflets branching from a single point (e.g., white clover)
- Pinnately compound leaf: Multiple leaflets branching along a central axis (e.g., black walnut)
- Double compound leaf: Multiple leaflets branching from a secondary axis (e.g., honey locust)
Vein Patterns:
- Parallel veins: Parallel arrangement of veins
- Netted or reticulate veins: Complex network of veins
Leaf Layers:
- Cuticle: Waxy layer to prevent water loss
- Epidermis: Outer layer of protective cells
- Palisade mesophyll: Layer of cells for photosynthesis
- Spongy mesophyll: Layer of loosely packed cells for gas exchange
- Stomata: Pores for gas exchange

Flowers

Stamen: Male part of the flower, including the filament and anther, which produces pollen.
Pistil: Female part of the flower, including the stigma, style, and ovary, which contains ovules.
Parts of a Flower: Petals - Colorful part of the flower, Sepal - Protects the bud before opening, Stamen - Male part of the flower, Pistil - Female part of the flower.
Types of Flowers:
- Perfect flower: Has both male and female parts.
- Imperfect flower: Missing either male or female parts.
Sexual Reproduction in Plants: Pollination, movement of sperm to the ovule, fertilization occurs, ovary and surrounding part becomes fruit, fertilized eggs become seeds.

Plant Nutrition

Essential Nutrients: Light, water, air, temperature are essential for plant nutrition.

Growth Regulators

Plant hormones, also called phytohormones.
Examples of plant hormones (growth regulators): auxins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid.
Functions of plant hormones: Germination, Growth to Maturities, Flowering, Fruit development, abscission (leaf fall), and seed dormancy;

Plant Classification

Non-flowering Plants: Ferns, Conifers
Flowering Plants: Monocots, Dicots
Monocot and Dicot Categories/ Characteristics:
- Number of Cotyledons, Leaf Venation, Root System, Flower Parts, Vascular Bundle Arrangement, Stem Growth, and Examples.

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Description

Explore the various plant organ systems, focusing on their roles in reproduction, nutrition, and homeostasis. This quiz covers essential plant parts, including roots and stems, and their specific functions in the overall growth and health of the plant.