Plant Parts and Functions PDF

prayer energizer learning Outcomes The student are able to identify the 5 major crops in the philippines The students can give example of the commercial food crops in the Philippines The student are able to give the Parts of the plants and its funtion The students are able to explain the i...

prayer energizer learning Outcomes The student are able to identify the 5 major crops in the philippines The students can give example of the commercial food crops in the Philippines The student are able to give the Parts of the plants and its funtion The students are able to explain the importance of plants in the ecosystem  TYPES OF COMMERCIAL FOOD CROPS IN THE PHILIPPINES  FOOD CROP - is a type of plant that is cultivated primarily for human consumption. These crops are grown to provide the essential nutrients and energy needed for human diets and can be categorized into various groups based on their parts consumed, their growing conditions, and their use in food preparation. 5 MAJOR FOOD CROPS IN THE PHILIPPINES 1. cereal crops 2. root and tuber crops 3. sugar crops 4. vegetable crops 5. fruit crops. a. Cereal crops -are plants grown primarily for their edible seeds or grains, which are staple foods providing essential carbohydrates and energy. These crops are fundamental to human diets and are cultivated on a large scale for their high yield and storage capability. B. Root and Tuber Crops - are plants cultivated for their underground parts, which are rich in carbohydrates and serve as vital sources of energy and nutrients. Roots and tubers are typically harvested and consumed directly or processed into various food products.. c. sugar CROPS - are plants grown specifically for their high sugar content, which is extracted and processed to produce sugar or ethanol. These crops are crucial for the production of sweeteners and biofuels. D. VEGETABLE CROPS -are plants cultivated for their edible parts, such as leaves, stems, roots, or flowers. These crops are important for providing essential vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, contributing to a balanced diet. E. FRUIT CROPS are plants grown for their sweet or savory fruits, which are typically consumed raw or used in cooking and food processing. Fruits are rich in vitamins, minerals, and natural sugars, making them an important part of a nutritious diet. TYPES OF COMMERCIAL FOOD CROPS IN THE PHILIPPINES TYPES OF COMMERCIAL FOOD CROPS IN THE PHILIPPINES TYPES OF COMMERCIAL FOOD CROPS IN THE PHILIPPINES TYPES OF COMMERCIAL FOOD CROPS IN THE PHILIPPINES  PLANT PARTS AND ITS FUNCTION Introduction to Plant Structure Plants are essential to ecosystems and human life. Understanding their anatomy reveals how they grow, reproduce, and interact with their environment. Major Plant Parts Roots Stem Leaves Flowers Fruits Seed ROOTS -The foundation Function: Anchorage: Secure the plant to the soil. Absorption: Take in water and nutrients from the soil. Storage: Store carbohydrates and other nutrients. Types: Taproot: A single, thick root (e.g., carrots, dandelions) that penetrates deep into the soil. Fibrous Root: A network of thinner roots (e.g., grasses) that spread out from the base. Special Adaptations: Adventitious Roots: Roots that grow from non-root tissues (e.g., aerial roots in orchids). Prop Roots: Provide extra support (e.g., in mangroves). STEMS -The support system Function: Support: Hold up leaves, flowers, and fruits. Transport: Carry water, nutrients, and food between roots and leaves. Storage: Store nutrients and water in some plants. Types: Herbaceous Stems: Soft and green, often found in non- woody plants (e.g., sunflowers). Woody Stems: Hard and rigid, found in trees and shrubs (e.g., oak trees). Special Adaptations: Succulent Stems: Store water (e.g., cacti). Climbing Stems: Aid in climbing (e.g., vines like beans). LEAVES -The Photosynthesis Factory Function: Photosynthesis: Convert sunlight into chemical energy (glucose) using chlorophyll. Gas Exchange: Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide through stomata. Transpiration: Release water vapor into the atmosphere, which helps in nutrient uptake. Parts: Blade: The flat, green part of the leaf where photosynthesis occurs. Petiole: The stalk that connects the blade to the stem. Veins: Vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) that transport nutrients and water. Special Adaptations: Needles: Reduce water loss (e.g., pine trees). Tendrils: Assist in climbing (e.g., peas). FLOWERS -The Reproductive Organs Function: Reproduction: Facilitate the process of pollination and fertilization. Attraction: Attract pollinators with color, scent, and nectar. Parts: Petals: Colorful parts that attract pollinators. Sepals: Protective outer parts of the flower bud. Stamens: Male reproductive parts (anther and filament) that produce pollen. Pistils: Female reproductive parts (stigma, style, ovary) that receive pollen and produce seeds. Special Adaptations: Composite Flowers: Groups of small flowers forming a larger flower head (e.g., sunflowers). Pollinator Specializations: Flowers adapted to attract specific pollinators (e.g., orchids and bees). FRUITS-Protectors and Dispersers Function: Protection: Encase and protect developing seeds. Dispersal: Aid in seed dispersal through various mechanisms (e.g., wind, animals). Types: Fleshy Fruits: Soft and edible (e.g., apples, tomatoes). Dry Fruits: Hard and often used for seed dispersal (e.g., nuts, legumes). Special Adaptations: Drupe: A fruit with a single seed encased in a hard pit (e.g., cherries). Berry: A fruit with multiple seeds and a fleshy pericarp (e.g., grapes). SEEDS -The Future of Plants Function: Embryo: Contains the developing plant. Nutrient Storage: Provides energy for the embryo’s growth. Protection: Seed coat protects the embryo from damage and dehydration. Parts: Seed Coat: Outer layer that protects the seed. Embryo: Contains the future plant’s root, stem, and leaves. Cotyledons: Seed leaves that provide nutrients during germination. Special Adaptations: Wind Dispersal: Seeds with wings or parachutes (e.g., dandelions). Water Dispersal: Seeds that float (e.g., coconuts). SUMMARY OF PLANT PARTS AND FUNCTIONS Roots: Anchors the plant, absorbs nutrients, stores energy. Stems: Supports the plant, transports nutrients, stores food. Leaves: Main site for photosynthesis, gas exchange, and transpiration. Flowers: Reproductive organs, attract pollinators. Fruits: Protect seeds, aid in dispersal. Seeds: Contains embryo, provides nutrients for early growth Understanding plant parts reveals their roles in growth, reproduction, and survival. Each part works in harmony to support the plant’s life cycle and adaptation to the environment. Knowledge of plant anatomy is crucial for practical applications in agriculture, horticulture, and conservation. Thank You for Listening