Plant Structure and Reproduction PDF - Lesson Notes

Lesson 2.1: Plant structure and function. Book: Unit 5- Module 19- Lesson 2 Objectives: What do you know about plants? What do you want to know? Nearpod  Plant Cells Plant cells are identifiable by their cell walls and large central vacuole. Plants have m...

Lesson 2.1: Plant structure and function. Book: Unit 5- Module 19- Lesson 2 Objectives: What do you know about plants? What do you want to know? Nearpod  Plant Cells Plant cells are identifiable by their cell walls and large central vacuole. Plants have many types of cells adapted for specific purposes.  Plant cells are 3 types Parenchyma Cholenchyma Sclerenchyma  Three types of plant cells form most plant tissues: 3.2.2 Identify the major types of plant tissues to include meristematic, dermal, vascular and ground  Plant Tissue are 4 types Meristem Dermal Vascular Ground A tissue is a group of cells that work together to perform a function. A plant tissue can be composed of one or many types of cells. Meristematic Tissue  Plant Tissues Dermal Tissue—The Epidermis The layer of cells that makes up the outer covering on a plant is the epidermis. Epidermal cells resemble pieces of a jigsaw puzzle with interlocking ridges and dips. Prevents water loss. Prevents bacteria and microorganisms from entering the plants.  Plant Tissues Dermal Tissue—The Epidermis The epidermis has several adaptations to protect the plant and prevent water loss. Changes in the shape of guard cells result in the opening and closing of a stomata.  Some epidermal cells have hair-like projections called trichomes, which prevent insect and animal predation. Root hairs are fragile extensions of root epidermal cells.  Plant Tissues Vascular Tissues Xylem is the water-carrying vascular tissue  Plant Tissues Vascular Tissues Phloem is the main food-carrying tissue in vascular plants.  Plant Tissues Plant tissues that are not meristematic, dermal, or vascular tissues are ground tissues. Consist of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells Functions include photosynthesis, storage, and support https://edpuzzle.com/media/679687852d22d2ddf5e6 4fee https://create.kahoot.it/my- library/kahoots/53d337c5-c687-4c22-8ef2- 20416f6c121c Roots  Roots Types of Roots Taproot system Anchors plant, food storage (beets, carrots) Fibrous root systems Anchors plant, good for rapid water storage Other root types are adapted to diverse environments. Pneumatophores are adapted to supply oxygen to roots submerged in water. Adventitious roots form unusual support structures.  Stems Types and Functions of Stems Tuber: food storage Rhizome: food storage, asexual reproduction Runner: asexual reproduction Bulb: food storage Corm: food storage  Leaves Types of Leaves People can use differences in the size, shape, color, and texture of leaves to help them identify types of plants. Some leaves are simple—the leaf blade is not divided into smaller parts. Compound leaves have leaf blades that are divided into two or more smaller parts called leaflets.  Plant Responses A plant response that causes movement that is not dependent on the direction of a stimulus is a nastic response. Nastic responses: Are not growth responses Are reversible Can be repeated  Plant Responses A tropism is a plant’s growth response to an external stimulus. If growth is toward the stimulus, it is a positive tropism. If growth is away from the stimulus, it is a negative tropism.  Plant Responses Phototropism Stimulus: light Growth toward light source Gravitropism Stimulus: gravity Positive downward and negative upward growth Thigmatropism Stimulus: mechanical Growth toward point of contact  Quiz 1. Which plant structure is NOT part of a root? A endodermis C pericycle B root cap D stomata CORRECT  Quiz 2. Which control(s) the movement of water vapor through the stomata? A bark C guard cells CORRECT B pericycle D vascular tissues  Quiz 3. Which is the vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to leaves? A epidermis B parenchyma C xylem CORRECT D phloem  Quiz 4. Which fill(s) the space between spongy mesophyll cells? A gases CORRECT B chlorophyll C cells D vascular tissue  Quiz 5. Which describes a positive phototropism? A The plant grows away C The plant grows from the light. toward gravity. B The plant grows toward D The plant grows away the light. CORRECT from gravity. https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/65a4c89660a1ca1fad404a24  Lesson 3 Plant Reproduction  Focus Question How do plants reproduce? Objectives  Vegetative Reproduction Vegetative reproduction is a form of asexual reproduction where the new plant grows from parts of the old plant. Results in a clone of the original plant Advantages to vegetative reproduction: Faster Produces uniform offspring Can produce fruit without seeds  Flower Structure Flower Organs Flowers have organs for protection, support, and reproduction. In general, flowers have four organs: sepals, petals, pistils, and stamens.  Flower Structure Flower Organs Sepals protect the flower bud and can look like small leaves or even resemble the flower’s petals. Petals usually are colorful structures that can both attract pollinators and provide them with a landing platform.  Flower Structure Flower Organs Stamens are the male reproductive structure. The female reproductive structure is called the pistil.  Flower Structure Animal pollination: Flowers are brightly colored or strongly scented to attract pollinators.  Flower Structure Wind pollination: Flowers lack showy or fragrant flowers and produce large amounts of lightweight pollen.  Flowering Plants (angiosperm) Seed and Fruit Development The zygote undergoes many cell divisions to become an embryo. The endosperm tissue, provides nutrients to the growing embryo. The endosperm is mostly absorbed into the cotyledons of eudicots, but in monocots it accounts for a large volume of the seed. Flowering Plants  Flowering Plants Seed and Fruit Development As the endosperm matures, the outside layers of the ovule harden and form a protective tissue called the seed coat. The ovary of a plant can contain one or many ovules. As the ovule develops into a seed, changes occur in the ovary that cause it to develop into a fruit.  Flowering Plants Seed Dispersal Fruits help disperse the seeds away from their parent plant, reducing competition and increasing their chance of survival. Some seeds pass unharmed through the digestive tracts of animals before being deposited. Some seeds have structural modifications that enable them to be transported by water, animals, or wind.  Flowering Plants Seed Germination When the embryo in a seed starts to grow, the process is called germination. Germination begins when a seed absorbs water. The first part of the embryo to appear outside the seed is the radicle. The hypocotyl is the first part of the seed to appear above ground.  Flowering Plants https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECibetK2EYI&t=83s  Flowering Plants Seed Germination Seeds produced at the end of the growing season may enter dormancy, a state of little to no growth, to increase survival in harsh conditions. The length of dormancy varies from species to species.  Quiz 1. Which is NOT part of a seed? A cotyledon B embryo C endosperm D pollen CORRECT  Quiz 2. Which does not describe vegetative reproduction? A It increases genetic C It is fairly rapid. variation. CORRECT B It is asexual. D It requires two gametes.  Quiz 3. From which structure is a fruit usually formed? A sepal C pistil CORRECT B stamen D petal  Quiz 4. What is the inactive period of a seed? A alternation of C fertilization generations B dormancy D photoperiodism CORRECT  Quiz 5. Which is the male organ of a flower? A stamen CORRECT B pistil C petal D sepal  Quiz 6. Which best describes pollen production in wind- pollinated flowers? A small amounts of pollen C large amounts of pollen CORRECT B larger pollen grains D large quantities of nectar