PL3105 Notes PDF

 as apposed to behaviourism :...

 as apposed to behaviourism : input vS ariput - studying the subjective way in which an object appears in 7 1 mid crapter me's inseed of objective may of construal realism -type : naive social psych > - rudy of an individual's concural cher one perceives & understands identify properting that makes to social influence ahist susceptible > - everyone REGARDLESS of gender/social class/ rad fundamental attribution error undestinating the situational datos overestimating the : , internal & dispositional factors for a behaviour. ↓ Liberman et al. (2004) WSG / Ps named Community Game > - fr game : > - surrayed PS prin to the experiment CRAS) : "coprative" -f "competitive" mity game" ↑ superative Metagy , , "WSE"J rooperative strategy situational facer has than perceived > - more effect behairw personalities. on naive realism think "as are" being things continuously when really that are they me : we , we are interpreting things through construals. ↳ differently some else if thinks about the same object , we think it is because biased. they are D construals come from : self-extent-seeing need good about mosches. of social cognition. to be accurate - Chapter 2 raid Hindsight bias : exaggerating how much me have predicted something to occur after knowing that it occured - ↳ need to avoid this esearch. in Research designs : & observational , 2 comolational , E experimental & observing ecording , measurements/impressions of series behavior ↳ ethnography : immersing it a culture and observing it from the inside ↳ archival accumulatedkommunis analysis of culture : a makmates predict/explain > - had to comet behaviour as it is causal for behaviour gather reasons the : a ② 2/ variables systematically measured Relationship is assessed , involves the calculation of concation. get ↳ asked questions surveys : representate sample about attitudes/behavior * sampling methods key are weaknesses canulation : @AtsBCunfondr?] > - + : causation A- + Bi & B + A : ? Brandomly assigned experiments , controlling for extraneous conditions. (IV + DV ) ↓ minimise differences amoy Ps to affe 3 display reles -attraus about which nonverbal * cultural dimensions to emotions behavous are appropriate to display 7 athic & S roded Jacket al showed observatoral study ,. (2012) based 2024 Paralympic that the Westen expressions cultures on significantly asserate share - bay for all demonstrated rigid - more altetes the thee athle fou highly boundaries across 6 main & individualisic cultures evesting VS Asians X & cross-cultural differences encode species specific - culturally specific : expess. when asked to set faces into dec = intapet meaning D Susskind 4t al (2008) ↳ movement of muscles opposites of another were , groups thi gy expan tyi feer face enhance propter disgust face , better decreases proptic & Eleman & Fiesen (1971) ↳ chlie a tribe in New Guinea (South Feel Told tribe enctorial asked them to then match to ↳ stories , expressions toins ↳ = accurate as metum Ps difficurity decoding aftert slands be displayed chifferent demonstrates different can of : of face parts enations - ↓ of forcal ↑ aspects expression can have different implications based on the context. first impressions initial that be derived within 128 millisends from of 3 : impressions ca age ↳ thin-cliding Social based brief of behaviour snippets : perception on ↳ & Rosenthal (1993) Ambady same esorts even with 6 thin-sliced a meaningful - impressions are Ps Curth No audi) - "first impresson - filter/schema that these Ps viewed D the percen through primacy effect first that other influence how people in that : we see - we view information about them later on * schena effers belief first impressions + primacy + perseverance Why last long - > > so ↓ deals with the discomfort of inconsistency  social emparism reflected glor > - BIRG basking : in But 24 scartest scar was but imaginary they : , > - self-evaluation grew conscious of this and demonstrated maintenance : maintain ↑ tenseness positive self-evaluation a other self in domain relevant to us & * in self-isolation : failed ! blindness Choice : - 48m) 1 Order of identical item (Nisbett & Wilson) bird dolphin 30 % of Ps noticed that childen , chimps , , 2. Only a picture M ↑ of their choice red det test X was replaced minor > - babeon , people who suffer from agrosia/somatoparaphe of 2 mimor stfergbias Echoice (self-misidentification) Tria esgut introspective + self-exter crassben ↳ negative encorges : in. far camera mirror g & , e Botnick e hand ulf-awareness ateina met illusion D 207 more attractive version , & ego > - the & distrating lef cultural (Yamaguchi) of self sense &let Cosains of one beneut objective -present as - - a I & I have watershed moment (distracted) 6 Cidentity & subjective the dated ultimate - become my t alte a * to escape OSA : Duraletal. If thought + action elel spotlight effect derestimate how much : > - "surgenty" take trait ↳ of conscious will attention people pay to one ispy experience : : triggeredAtdisad ↳. acantly stater wait # Y method like ubber hand for experimenter to come back thinking that per thought caused the action ↓ need S of confatice if thing perception one to escape happens right after another * T/T 13 y/s + > - significantly strayer dissonance effect  fundamental attiea opposite of e intrinsic : can be encouraged with & extrinsic : causes overjustification effect. remands signalling I competence - motivative is assumed to from revard ↳ come S and NOT intrinsic motivation Atisic VS intrinsic : E ↓ impact on intrinsic activation > - perception of our invest depends on ened 1 Surveillance : b lose of interest the type of re are given deadlines b 2. : > of of perception our series motivation hance affects our external erratives : less effective than intirigic emotions (quilt) (shame) actual motivation. of behaviour in change b to coret self-perceptin thog A mpocrisy : if made arce + given opportunity distance > - intering from our own behaviour + highly likely to chaga. 1 social + ref consciousness presence if downward Social - mond > is better comparison * small external motivation. 2 comparison & mod is marge if upward compariso Lpunishment/metifatal 3 external motives can kill internal Cunless competence - signalling). b larger internal explanation > ↳ me likely to enverage change of behaviour = triggers "need to reduce dissonance" O perman aver of decision makes this need stronger & eself-handicapping between internal inconsistency cognitions "irrevocability" & of discrepancy ↑ ↓ *reduce hying size a git afters this dissonance Cognitive magnitude b lotingweighexcite undeaerate ↓ ↑ The Leekers Cult) helps : Le dayagit. g. ① 3 tension discrepancy importance = of X size - date a -contenant legitions X importance = magnitude of ⑫ tiles dissonance 6 x ② change importance discrepancy importance nitude of dissonance =mag ② effort justification * ia x importance will have to disrepancy consonance ↳ in fines of high , increased (with importance] be sogrificantly beliefs & values with drastic lies b aligning zoning up regnitions by ahanging , & harder greater the choice the , dissonance  9) I mentre , more dissonant - task induced compliance > - doing > $20 important contenant : incentre met. um cognition asked to perfect * easily makes one change cognition counter-attitudinal to reduce dissonance task # of task $20. lie empyment u 41 Fariation · of dissuance - believe. everses belief as to & response > - expressing : a > - perception response laye troy deal with the. perceptio ↑ - rideed 80-90 ~ - fear : eyes , mineral papa new guve. net panding Ospotted creating ↑. Happy , que, Sad ente their Serpise , Fear , Anger ↓gated ↳ hever : 1 more than 6 enations ↳. destd) multimal. 2 not all universal , specificity. 3 entional expresson might not match ensional expeece. 4. Intxt - bodily arousal + cognitive appraisal T ↓ - & alter-singer they encourages eation two-factor they ? misattributio Dutton & Aron -after saybidge Toe : O self-serving attribution "human" > - take redit for our success people can bjets thank of as , blame external faces fr surprised by the ↑ & geal atubation : 12MO sabins failure used 0 -8 hap as they are to the goal f of all ony seat to need Ref #behaner Woodward datam [ 7 MO babies can infor goals ②fundamental [ , ball & teddy nee pare. bears error attribution & ner eximate internal , ER model underestimate external surprised more # same pana 6 - Dietictures (H detant process. das not require brain -connincy I H capacity (Divided attention) Consensus I - ↓ internal external bain requires capacity normative not descriptive logically & limitches : to think mote , external fators assign ↳ actor-observer to FAE fr others than curselves (more atte. likly mot in sias mage : to eursehes ? ) * grasp of another persons beliefs False Belief Task (Anna-Saint & are 3 5y0 test - repeseratna the since 15 MO babies can pass & language) * without L ↑ Autism of mod disruption. theory : what represent #mud - unable to they are as they a thiring/ others FBT l he remember segura of events , (3-5 intests in facts) fiction feely YO ↓.. Saily-Anne , as early 14MO. as real red of a Deque a for new-linguistic I eas &simulation ent gyo to pass but for spotlight , is domain-specfic neurotypical this children * , they 2. effet ↳ deficit 4Y8 ↑ Drawing task: does not equire mental state undertally just representatio , ↳egoaris E a similation they by simulating : understanding their ties ↓ hour > - intrinsically ego-biased , Woodward should be = C Ball &Bear] : new goal event m o re surpisy, old babies gave 3-month simulation experience ↳ able to get the desired effect. W1 : Munds & Intro methods considerations of variable study design unfounding 3 : > - unable to ot rule bidirectional alternative explanations > - ambiguity ↓ conducting experiment. within-subjects : time acts as a confounder variable other participant artifacts than manipulation that inferences -> iroduces the differs : on study daub - pe-registering ① design , between-sibjets : self-selection ronfonds & experimenter effects atifacts expectancy : ② participant atifacts : evaluation apprehension , ↓ demand characteristics, WEIRDPeoplesee avoid I revealing met obvious &cmoflage study mesques cal retech : C/B rato IRB debriet informed consent observation , implicit , , , ↳ h fMRI. reatio Nuremberg trials : Navis conducting unethical research time , psychophysiology Syphilis tested > - Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment : wre , on people to give them syphis ↓ unethical because continued (t year) they the experiment even after they realised that they found the cure to Syphilis people , died I Suffect from the disease. * WELRD Wester Educated Industrialised & Democratic : , , , Rich , WZ: Self : thical & IRB conducting research study's potocol ethical standards eview to make. : met : sure a re P potects , ②cost/benefit rate : what to learn and at what cost ? going a re we , & informed consent ① debriefing self self recognition test-looking mirror into the mirror &adjest. 1 C put infront reliving adot is draw on without than then , of after ↳ a mirror ↑ animals humans of like age dolphins of 2. chimps magpie. elephant , self-misidentification unable ecognise oneself to unor agrosia the - : in