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What is meant by 'naive realism' in the context of interpretation?

  • The view that all interpretations are equally valid.
  • The belief that one's perception is the only valid interpretation. (correct)
  • The understanding that others' perceptions are always biased.
  • The idea that interpretation is solely based on empirical evidence.

    • Which factor contributes to different interpretations of the same object?

  • The intrinsic properties of the object itself.
  • The environment in which the object is found.
  • The social status of the interpreter.
  • Individual biases and construals. (correct)

    • What can be inferred about 'construals' from the content?

  • They are influenced solely by external factors.
  • They vary between individuals based on personal experiences. (correct)
  • They provide an objective view of reality.
  • They are fixed and do not change over time.

    • Which of the following best describes the impact of biases on interpretation?

    <p>Biases can distort how individuals view the same object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between 'self-extent-seeing' and construals?

    <p>Self-extent-seeing shapes the way we interpret others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do individuals think differently when interpreting objects?

    <p>Individuals analyze the same data and reach different conclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do personal biases affect the perception of reality?

    <p>They can result in distorted or subjective interpretations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of different construals when viewing the same situation?

    <p>Increased conflict or disagreement about the situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motivation is suggested as being less effective than intrinsic emotions?

    <p>External motivators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does the nature of deadlines have on motivation?

    <p>They can lead to a loss of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is assumed to affect the perception of our investment in tasks?

    <p>External rewards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when it comes to surveillance affecting motivation?

    <p>Causing a loss of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which emotion is mentioned as a potential negative impact on motivation?

    <p>Guilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The perception of our engagement in tasks can be affected by which of the following?

    <p>Type of external rewards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phrase best contrasts intrinsic motivation?

    <p>Extrinsic gains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common error that can occur in attributions related to bears?

    <p>Underestimation of their territorial behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can potentially enhance or diminish actual motivation?

    <p>Perception of our objectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a potential outcome of internal attribution regarding bear behavior?

    <p>Assuming their solitude is due to shyness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor might contribute to a surprise reaction when encountering a bear?

    <p>Misinterpretation of their communication signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In assessing bear behavior, what is a common miscalculation to avoid?

    <p>Assuming all bear species behave the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements could lead to an erroneous evaluation of a bear's dietary preferences?

    <p>Assuming bears only eat plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of the overjustification effect on intrinsic motivation?

    <p>It diminishes intrinsic motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'dissonance effect' refer to in the context provided?

    <p>The conflict that arises when actions and beliefs do not align.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the timing of events affect perception as mentioned in the content?

    <p>Events perceived simultaneously are more easily connected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?

    <p>Both types of motivation can exist in conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'the opposite of fundamental attribution' in this context?

    <p>Considering situational factors over dispositional factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might encourage intrinsic motivation?

    <p>Engagement in meaningful tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might the need to escape relate to cognitive perception?

    <p>It can affect the perception of events as they unfold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The statement 'thing happens right after another' is best associated with which concept?

    <p>Temporal perception in cognitive psychology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does perception play in the context of action and thought?

    <p>It can lead to misconceptions about actions and their causes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is critical in understanding the relationship between thought and action?

    <p>The timeline of the events occurring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What confounder variable affects within-subjects design?

    <p>Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a participant artifact associated with within-subjects design?

    <p>Evaluation apprehension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of between-subjects design?

    <p>Self-selection artifacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artifact is a result of the experimenter's bias?

    <p>Experimenter expectancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should researchers avoid to minimize participant artifacts?

    <p>Revealing study details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are WEIRD subjects in research?

    <p>Participants from industrialized and educated backgrounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a confounding effect in research design?

    <p>Control group allocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can informed consent help reduce artifacts in research?

    <p>By ensuring participant understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key method to evaluate psychological research?

    <p>Debriefing participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is often used to gather data while limiting ethical issues?

    <p>Implicit observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does not typically affect within-subjects design?

    <p>Self-selection bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of demand characteristics?

    <p>Altered participant behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of implementing IRB in research?

    <p>To ensure participant confidentiality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes evaluation apprehension in research contexts?

    <p>Concern about the evaluative context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a discrepancy in importance imply about a choice?

    <p>It suggests a conflict between values and actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does increased dissonance relate to compliance?

    <p>Higher dissonance results in higher compliance demands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied by aligning beliefs with actions?

    <p>It minimizes the chance of dissonance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'magnitude of dissonance' refer to?

    <p>The depth of conflict between beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor increases the likelihood of experiencing dissonance?

    <p>The importance of the decision at hand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does justification play in the process of reducing dissonance?

    <p>It provides a rational explanation for conflicting actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome is often associated with high dissonance?

    <p>Stronger motivation to change beliefs or behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the effort to align choices with personal beliefs commonly perceived?

    <p>As an essential step in reducing dissonance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome occurs when a person's values significantly conflict with their actions?

    <p>They often face psychological discomfort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents a consequence of high dissonance?

    <p>Increased alignment of future decisions with values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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