Physiology Exam 1 Review.docx

Disclaimer: These Questions have not been looked over by Dr. Ahangari and were made by Kristin, a previous SI leader, to be used as a study aid. The topics on this review are not guaranteed to be on the exam; please refer to the PowerPoints for a full scope of material. Thanks, and good luck! 1....

Disclaimer: These Questions have not been looked over by Dr. Ahangari and were made by Kristin, a previous SI leader, to be used as a study aid. The topics on this review are not guaranteed to be on the exam; please refer to the PowerPoints for a full scope of material. Thanks, and good luck! 1. a. b. c. d. 2. a. b. c. d. 3. a. b. c. d. 4. a. b. 6. a. b. c. d. 7. a. b. c. d. 9. a. b. c. d. 10. a. b. c. d. 11. a. b. c. d. e. 12. 13. a. b. c. d. 14. a. b. c. d. 15. a. b. c. d. e. 16. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. 17. a. b. c. d. e. 18. a. b. c. d. e. 19. a. b. c. d. **TAKE A QUICK BREAK, DON'T OVERWHELM YOURSELF, AND DON'T STRESS.** **YOU GOT THIS!!** **Quick Study Tips** - - - - - AND WE CONTINUE..... 1\. Through which type of transport does the cell membrane change its structure and intake large molecules? a\. Passive transport b\. Secondary active transport c\. Endocytosis d\. Exocytosis 2\. What is the normal blood glucose range? a\. 70-120 mg/dL b\. 60-100 mg/dL c\. 50-80 mg/dL d\. 90-130 mg/dL 3\. What substance will be released in response to low blood sodium and low blood pressure? a\. Vasopressin b\. Epinephrine c\. Aldosterone d\. Tetrodotoxin 4\. What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? a\. Lipid synthesis b\. Energy storage c\. Protein synthesis d\. Transporting the products created by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum 5\. Which substance is released from which organ when blood glucose levels are high? a\. Liver; Beta cells; Insulin b\. Pancreas; Alpha cells; Glucagon c\. Liver; Alpha cells; Somatostatin d\. Pancreas; Beta cells; Insulin 6\. What is marasmus? What is the treatment? 7\. Which organ is most likely to contain large amounts of peroxisomes? a\. Brain b\. Kidneys c\. Stomach d\. Pancreas 8\. During the second or third trimester of pregnancy, high levels of which substance is indicative of a genetic disorder for the child? a\. Acid hydrolase b\. CFTR c\. Alpha-fetoprotein d\. Fibrillin-1 9\. During what phase does crossing over occur? a\. Cytokinesis of mitosis b\. Prophase of meiosis II c\. Prophase of meiosis I d\. Metaphase of mitosis 10\. True or False: During the absolute refractory period, if a second action potential is fired during the depolarization phase of muscle contraction and it is powerful enough to surpass the threshold, another muscle contraction will occur. 11\. Which of the following is/are inhibitory neurotransmitter(s)? a\. Serotonin b\. Glycine c\. Dopamine d\. Norepinephrine e\. GABA 12\. What is the process by which the liver uptakes glucose and converts it into glycogen? a\. Gluconeogenesis 13\. Which of the following is a disease whereby cells lack the receptors that bind to cholesterol binding low density lipoproteins? 14\. What is Gaucher's disease? What are the different types? 15\. Which of the following would be prescribed to a patient with type II diabetes? a\. Metformin 16\. The sodium-potassium pump is an example of 17\. A 10 year old boy has a weak immune system, muscle weakness, hypoglycemia, severe weight loss, and pigment cell problems. What is your diagnosis? 18\. What are the different parts of the cell cycle? What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? Do genetic abnormalities occur during mitosis or meiosis? 19\. A patient comes in with hypertension, heart palpitations, severe headaches, sleep disorders, and excess sweating. What is your diagnosis? 20\. Schizophrenia is due to over secretion of dopamine in the 21\. Which of the following is responsible for deforming the membrane during endocytosis? a\. Clathrin protein 22\. Define and state the functions of the following: a\. Cytoplasm 23\. Deficiency of the dopamine that is secreted by the hypothalamus affects a\. Movement 24\. Which of the following is characterized by a disorder of the connective tissue leading to disproportionately long limbs, tall stature, and cardiomegaly? 25\. Which of the following is FALSE in regards to meiosis II? 26\. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Why can anaerobic respiration be harmful to humans? 27\. Each cluster of DNA and histone is called a... 28\. Which part of cellular respiration makes the most ATP? a\. Kreb's cycle b\. Cori cycle c\. ETC d\. Glycolysis 29\. What is the equilibrium potential for chloride? 30\. Depolarization of the muscle cell membrane is caused by 31\. What are prostaglandins? What do they do? 32\. All of the following are true about a malignant neoplasm EXCEPT 33\. What is an example of a redox reaction that occurs throughout cellular respiration? 34\. Intersexuality is a characteristic of which of the following 35\. From the kidneys, what percentage of filtered glucose should come back into the bloodstream? a\. 90% b\. 100% c\. 25% d\. 0% 36\. Deficiency of albumin leads to 37\. A patient comes in with extreme mucus in the cough as well as severe diarrhea. Blood tests show that there is an increased level of WBC's. Knowing this, what diagnosis can you make about the patient's condition? 38\. The drug Neostigmine is used to treat which of the following conditions: 39\. During the action potential of sodium and potassium, what is the phase that is signified by the opening of many sodium channels? 40\. Tay-Sachs disease is caused by the buildup of fatty substances in the spinal cord and nervous system. Which of the organelles is non-functioning in Tay-Sachs? 41\. What is edema? What is the simplified mechanism behind edema? 42\. Which ion is the most important for muscle contraction? 43\. What is the difference between primary and secondary active transport? How are these different from passive transport? 44\. List the neurotransmitters as well as their functions. Clinical Guide **Tay-sachs disease** is a fatal genetic lipid storage disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance called **ganglioside GM2** build up in tissues and nerve cells in the brain due to [deficiency of hydrolytic enzymes] - - **Marfan syndrome** is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder of the *[connective tissue]* - - - **Type 1 diabetes**- *[Autoimmune disease]* where antibodies such as IgG attaches to the beta cells of pancreas - - **Type 2 diabetes**- *[Genetic disorder]* where insulin receptors become resistant to insulin hormone. - - **Ketoacidosis** is when large amount of ketone bodies accumulates and *[lower the body's pH]* to a dangerously *[acidic]* level. **Neurotransmitters** are chemical substances created by a neuron and carried by axon to the end terminal which can stimulate/inhibit the neighboring cell. - - - - - - - - - - **Ehlers-Danlos syndrome** is a group of rare genetic disorders affecting humans and domestic animals caused by a defect in collagen synthesis of I and III -.