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## History of Art and Architecture **Classicism again.** **General features in Victorian Architecture** * Cast-iron framing * Utilitarian structures that often lacked traditional ornamentation **Examples of Victorian Architecture:** * **Crystal Palace by Joseph Paxton** For the Great Exhibition i...

## History of Art and Architecture **Classicism again.** **General features in Victorian Architecture** * Cast-iron framing * Utilitarian structures that often lacked traditional ornamentation **Examples of Victorian Architecture:** * **Crystal Palace by Joseph Paxton** For the Great Exhibition in 1851. Made of prefabricated iron and glass panels. * **National Library, Paris by Henri Labrouste** Use of slender cast-iron columns over which nine vaulted sky-lighted domes were suspended. * **Eiffel Tower by Gustav Eiffel** An iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris. Named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, who designed and built the tower. Built for the 1889 International Exhibition, Paris, the centenary celebration of the French Revolution. * **Paris Opera House (1874) by Charles Garnier** The building, in the eclecticism and the exuberance of its decoration, is today seen as one of the symbols of the Imperial regime. It remains an ornate building richly decorated with friezes, columns, and winged figures among other statues and embellishments. ## The Monticello Thomas Jefferson's house outside Charlottesville. It has Thomas Jefferson's neoclassical touch and style. The Pantheon was domesticated in the great tradition of residential Pantheons. ## Victorian Era **Historical Background** * **Industrialization** brought many innovations in architecture. Victorian styles include Gothic Revival, Italianate, Stick, Eastlake, Queen Anne, Romanesque and Second Empire. * The revival and eclectic architecture, décor and furnishings popular in English-speaking countries during the reign of Queen Victoria of England. * **Characterized by:** rapid changes of style as a consequence of aesthetic controversy and technological innovations, by the frequent presence of ostentatious ornament, and by an overall trend for classicism at the start to Romanticism and eclecticism at the middle period and to