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### Anemia Symptoms - Fatigue - Headache - Yellowish skin - Irregular heartbeats - Chest pain - Cold hands - Dizziness - Leg cramps - Insomnia - Fatigue - Shortness of breath - Weakness - Cold hands - Headache - Paleness - Inflammation - Dizziness ### The Presence or Absence of Clinical Symptoms a...

### Anemia Symptoms - Fatigue - Headache - Yellowish skin - Irregular heartbeats - Chest pain - Cold hands - Dizziness - Leg cramps - Insomnia - Fatigue - Shortness of breath - Weakness - Cold hands - Headache - Paleness - Inflammation - Dizziness ### The Presence or Absence of Clinical Symptoms and Signs Depends On - **Speed of onset of anemia:** anemia of slow onset produces fewer symptoms - **Severity of anemia:** mild anemia usually produces no symptoms or signs. - **Age of the patient:** the young tolerates anemia better than the elderly. For example, if anemia develops slowly in young who is otherwise healthy, the Hb may reach 6g/dL without producing symptoms or signs. ### Classification #### Morphologic - **Microcytic:** MCV < 80 FL - **Normocytic:** MCV 80-100 FL - **Macrocytic:** MCV > 100 FL #### Pathogenic (Underlying Mechanism) - **Blood Loss (Bleeding)** - **Decreased RBC Production** - **Increased RBC Destruction (Hemolytic Anemia)** #### Microcytic Anemias - **Iron Deficiency Anemia** - **Thalassemia** - **Lead Poisoning** - **Anemia of Chronic Diseases (Some Cases)** #### Normocytic Anemias - **Acute Post-Hemorrhagic Anemia** - **Hemolytic Anemia (Except Thalassemia and Some Other Hb Disorders)** - **Aplastic Anemia** - **Pure Red Cell Aplasia** - **Bone Marrow Infiltration** - **Chronic Diseases** ### Diagnosis and Investigations - **Is the patient symptomatic?** - **What is the severity of anemia?** - **What is the Hb level?** - **RBC Count** - **Hct** - **What is the reticulocyte count?** - **Red cell indices** - **Red cell morphology** - **What is the cause of anemia?**