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# Bacteria Bacteria are unicellular microorganisms that are prokaryotic, meaning that they lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Instead, their genetic material is located in a single circular chromosome in the cytoplasm. Bacteria come in a variety of shapes and sizes, including: 1....

# Bacteria Bacteria are unicellular microorganisms that are prokaryotic, meaning that they lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Instead, their genetic material is located in a single circular chromosome in the cytoplasm. Bacteria come in a variety of shapes and sizes, including: 1. **Coccus:** spherical or ovoid shaped bacteria, such as Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. 2. **Bacillus:** rod-shaped bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella. 3. **Spirillum:** spiral-shaped bacteria, such as Vibrio cholerae and Helicobacter pylori. ## Bacterial Shapes * **Bacillus:** Rod shaped * **Coccus:** Spherical * **Spirillum:** Spiral ## Structure of Bacteria The structure of bacteria can be divided into several parts: 1. **Cell wall:** The cell wall is a rigid outer layer that provides shape and support to the cell. It is made up of peptidoglycan, a complex molecule that gives the cell wall its strength. 2. **Cell membrane:** The cell membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that separates the cell's cytoplasm from its environment. It controls the movement of molecules in and out of the cell. 3. **Cytoplasm:** The cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that contains the cell's genetic material, ribosomes, and other cellular machinery. It is the site of many of the cell's metabolic processes. 4. **Flagella:** Some bacteria have flagella, which are long, whip-like structures that enable the bacteria to move around.

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