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Questions and Answers
What does the speaker in 'Air Castles' prioritize over fame?
What symbolizes the speaker's aspirations in the poem?
What can be inferred about the speaker's view of Shakespeare?
What does the phrase 'deep in my heart Ambition dwells' suggest about the speaker?
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In what year did Proceso Sebastian write 'To my Lady in Laoag'?
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What does 'Sursum Corda' mean?
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In what year was 'Sursum Corda' published in the Philippine Free Press?
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What was Dr. Justo Juliano's role at Carl Schurz High School?
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What was a significant factor influencing the writing of 'Sursum Corda'?
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What occupation did Salazar Juan pursue after leaving Manila High School?
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What prominent theme is expressed in the poem 'My Mother'?
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What illness led to the death of Salazar Juan?
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What was one of the jobs held by Salazar Juan in California?
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Who is widely recognized as the father of Philippine journalism?
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Which of the following literary works is recognized as the first published in English in the Philippines?
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During which period did Filipino writers primarily imitate American and English styles?
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What genre was born during the Period of Imitation?
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Which of the following poet's works was published during the Period of Imitation?
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What led to Justo Juliano's resignation from his teaching position?
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Which poet is known for writing the poem 'Rural Maid'?
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Who among the following was NOT a pioneer in formal essay writing during the Period of Imitation?
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What was the main role of the 'Thomasites' in the Philippines during the Period of Re-orientation?
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Which publication was established by R. McCullough Dick and D. Theo Rogers in 1907?
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What was a notable feature of the newspaper El Renacimiento?
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How did the use of the English language as a medium of instruction evolve in the Philippines by 1900?
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What role did the Philippines Free Press play in Filipino literature?
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What significant development occurred in the Philippines in 1908 regarding education?
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Which of the following statements is true about the historical context of the Period of Re-orientation?
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What was the first book printed in the Philippines, produced in 1593?
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Study Notes
Period of Re-orientation (1898-1910)
- The Period of Re-orientation coincided with the early years of American colonization in the Philippines, including the Philippine-American War.
- Public schools were established in areas controlled by the Americans during the war.
- The American occupation in 1898 marked the introduction of English as a literary language.
- English became the medium of instruction in public schools by 1900.
- American soldiers initially served as English teachers, later replaced by professional teachers arriving on the transport ship "USS Thomas"; these teachers became known as "Thomasites".
- English became the primary language in primary and intermediate grades by 1908.
El Renacimiento
- This Spanish-language Filipino newspaper, published in Manila, became extremely popular.
- Rafael Palma edited this paper, which was launched in 1901.
- The newspaper's biting critiques of American officials resulted in several libel suits.
Philippine Free Press
- The first privately owned publication to feature English works by Filipino writers.
- Founded by R. McCullough Dick and D. Theo Rogers in 1907.
- The publication paid Filipino writers for their chosen works.
- It served as a prominent voice in Philippine politics and literature, advocating for clear and concise writing.
- The oldest news weekly in the Philippines and a critical voice in the country's development.
Pioneer Filipino English Writers
- Justo Juliano published the first literary work in English, "Sursum Corda," in 1907.
- Juan F. Salazar is known for his works, "My Mother" and "Air Castles," published in 1909.
- Proceso Sebastian's poem, "To my Lady in Laoag", was also published in 1909.
### Marcelo H. Del Pilar
- Considered the father of Philippine Journalism and the most renowned journalist in Philippine history.
Period of Imitation (1910-1924)
- Filipino writers emulated American and English literary styles during this period.
- UP College Folio, the University of the Philippines' publication, showcased early English poems, essays, and short stories.
Period of Imitation Poets
- Fernando Maramag wrote "Rural Maid".
- Other notable poets of this period include Juan F. Salazar, Jose M. Hernandez, Vicente del Fierro, Francisco Tonogbanua, Maximo Kalaw, Vidal A. Tan, Francisco Africa, and Victoriano Yamzon.
Period of Imitation Essay Writers
- Essay writing emerged as a popular literary genre during the Period of Imitation.
- Formal essays, characterized by scholarly depth and structure, were written by Carlos P. Romulo, Jorge C. Bocobo, Mauro Mendez, and Vicente Hilario.
Justo Juliano
- He was born in 1887 in Manila and passed away at 84 years old in 1972 in Zephyrhills, Florida.
- He was a teacher at Paco Intermediate School in Manila and served as editor of “Filipino Teacher” publication and the secretary of the Philippine Teacher’s Association.
- He lost both his teaching and PTA positions due to his anti-colonial views against the American occupation which violated the Sedition Law enacted by the U.S. Congress.
- His poem "Sursum Corda" was the first Filipino poem published in English, appearing in the Philippine Free Press in 1907.
- Juliano’s work was likely a response to the socio-political climate of the Philippines under American rule.
Salazar Juan
- He was born in 1889 in San Roque, Cavite, and died from pneumonia.
- His work significantly contributed to the development of Filipino-English literature.
- He began his career as a reporter for "La Democracia" and "El Renacimiento Filipino" after working for "The Philippine Republic" in Hong Kong.
- He later advanced to the position of feature writer for the "Sacramento Union" in California.
Sebastian Proceso
- Born in 1892 in Claveria, Cagayan, Philippines.
- He was the son of Gregorio Sebastian and Filomena Esmeria Sebastian.
- Graduated with a law degree from the University of the Philippines in 1915.
- Wrote the poem "To my Lady in Laoag" in 1909.
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Description
This quiz covers the significant events and changes during the Period of Re-orientation in the Philippines, from 1898 to 1910. It highlights the impact of American colonization, the introduction of English in schools, and the rise of the newspaper El Renacimiento. Test your knowledge on the American occupation and its effects on Filipino education and media.
