Sports - An Introduction PDF

Sports – An Introduction TYPES OF SPORTS AND SPORTS SKILLS SPORTS  an activity that requires physical actions and skills where individuals or teams compete under a set of rules.  is classified into individual, dual, or team sports. Individual s...

Sports – An Introduction TYPES OF SPORTS AND SPORTS SKILLS SPORTS  an activity that requires physical actions and skills where individuals or teams compete under a set of rules.  is classified into individual, dual, or team sports. Individual sports are played by one participant on each competing side, dual sports are played by two competing pairs, while team sports are played with three or more players. Some individual and dual sports that can be played in teams, depending on the tournament and sponsoring sports organizations. Some of the sports can also be played indoors and outdoors or both. It is necessary to learn the basics of each sport to properly play the game. Nonetheless, understanding how the game is played is most essential.  Types Of Sports Individual/Dual vs. Team Sports Individual sports foster a higher amount of discipline, self-confidence, focus, and passion. The individual player is solely responsible for winning or losing, succeeding or failing. In team sports, many variables are considered to determine success and failure. Although individual qualities and skills are helpful, the performance will not rely on a single talent. A team’s performance or success depends on the collective effort of all its participants. Aside from team, individual and dual, sports are also categorized as: Creative – like dance aerobics, cheerleading and gymnastics Adventure – sports such as rock climbing and canoeing. Combat – Like judo, boxing, karate and taekwondo. Individual sports rely on an individual athlete, while team sports rely on teammates. In playing any type of sport and mastering its skills, it is important to have complete focus, a clear understanding of the game, and good work ethics. PREPARATORY SKILLS TO SPORT PARTICIPATION In order to perform well in the sports a person choses to engage in, he or she must know and understand the movement skills involved. Movement skills are present in every sports, like when we hit a baseball, walking, throwing and running around the court. Movement skills involve body parts such as the legs, arms, torso, and head. Theses can be simple to complex skills that need to be used accordingly in any sporting activity and may vary depending on the sport. The fundamental movement skills locomotors, non-locomotors, and manipulative are needed for sports participation  What does one need to know in playing sports? In playing any type of sports, it is important to have focus, clear understanding of the game, and work ethic in mastering the skills. Some of the important aspects to consider in learning sports are: 1. History – the inventor of sports, country of origin, development of the game. 2. Court Dimensions/Venue – where the games are played (indoor, outdoor, or both), size, different designs for male or female, and safety procedures for the players. 3. Equipment and Gear – proper protective gears, uniforms, and outfits which also involve safety of players and the officials. 4. Technical and Tactical Skills – technical skills are the basics of playing the game (e.g., basketball – dribble, shoot, pass), while tactical skills are strategies to take advantage within the game. 5. Rules of the Game – set of rules on how the game is played, violations, penalties, how to score points, how many players are allowed, etc. 6. Officiating – officials of the game, their duties and responsibilities of calling for violations, penalties, points, etc. and regulating fair play. Technical and Tactical Skills in Playing Sports In playing any sport, learning, and developing skills help athletes improve in the game. These skills involve physical training and game strategies. TECHNICAL SKILLS These are basic or fundamental skills needed to play the game. These are required in all sports. It advances in degrees or levels as a player practice or gets used to doing the skill. Examples:  Dribbling, passing, and shooting in basketball, and ball reception, attacking/spiking, setting in volleyball.  TACTICAL SKILLS The decision-making skills or strategies used in situations during the game. These may vary depending on the trainer or coach, skill level of an athlete, or the strength and weakness of the opposing team. Example:  the use of quick pass and movement against a taller but slower opponent in basketball. The use of tactical decision during a game is called game sense. In planning a training/practice, an individual must consider the following: 1. PREPARATION/PLANNING Date, time, and duration of training/practice Objectives/goal Equipment needed during training/practices 2. TRAINING PROPER Warm-up/Stretching Teaching new skills/practice of previously taught skills Scrimmage/Practice game Cool down and assessment  HEALTH-RELATED AND SKILL-RELATED FITNESS IN SPORTS/PHYSICAL ACTIVITY Health-related physical fitness are cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition. Skill-related physical fitness is sometimes called sports fitness or motor fitness. The skill-related physical fitness is called as such because people who possess them find it easy to achieve high levels of performance in motor skills. The components of skill-related physical fitness are agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, and speed.  The FITT principle can be used as a starting point for one’s sports activity/activities to ensure the fitness improvements. Factor Definition Frequency Number of sessions in a week Difficulty level of the exercise or work Intensity demand Duration or distance covered in an exercise Time session Type Mode of exercise or activity Generally, in sports, every skill-related fitness component is useful.  Skill-Related Fitness Examples of Sport Movement Component Basketball Changing directions to escape a defender Agility Tennis Changing directions to hit the ball Cycling Riding a bicycle Balance Gymnastics Performing on the balance beam Table Tennis Hitting the ball Coordination Baseball Catching a ball Soccer Kicking a soccer ball Start to jump/dive on the pool when the Swimming Reaction Time signal starts Basketball Getting the rebound Speed Badminton Receiving a drop shot Baseball Throwing a fast ball Power Powerlifting Lifting weights  Safety Measures to Prevent Unnecessary Injuries in Playing Games or Sports 1. Safety Equipment. Have the appropriate gears for the type of activity such as clothing, shoes, and protective gears that would prevent uneasiness and harm. Also take into consideration the activity area. 2. Hydration. Keep your body hydrated with enough water or fluids during exercise or activity especially during hot weather. Drink a cup of water minutes before exercise and every 15 minutes during your exercise to help your body replenish lost fluids. 3. Perform moderate intensity physical activity on a regular basis rather than occasional strenuous activities. A vigorous workout will tire your body easily and overstraining yourself can lead to injuries. It also causes nausea and body pains that would not go away quickly. Maintain an exercise routine within comfort. Forcing yourself with too much intensity just to attain goals quickly is a mistake. 4. Weather Condition. Wear appropriate clothes for the weather. The clothing you wear must make you feel a little cool at the start of exercise. Wear light-colored clothes during sunny days as not to absorb too much heat and avoid overheating and put on sun protection. During cold weather, a thermal suit will help you keep warm. Avoid using thick clothes for it constrains perspiration and can cause your body temperature to go up.