Basketball History & Rules PDF

BASKETBALL HISTORY A game that started with eighteen men in a Young Men Christian Association(YMCA) gymnasium in spring field, Massachusetts, has grown into a game that more than 300 million people play worldwide. The man who created this instantly successful sport was Dr. James Naismith. Under inst...

BASKETBALL HISTORY A game that started with eighteen men in a Young Men Christian Association(YMCA) gymnasium in spring field, Massachusetts, has grown into a game that more than 300 million people play worldwide. The man who created this instantly successful sport was Dr. James Naismith. Under instructions from the head of physical education at the school for Christian Workers. Naismith was given two weeks to invent an indoor game that would provide an “athletic distraction” for a rowdy class through the brutal New England winter. His creation didn’t come easily. His first intention was to bring outdoor games such as soccer and lacrosse indoors. These games proved to be too physical and cumbersome. After brainstorming some new ideas, Naismith developed basketball’s original 13 rules and, consequently, the game of basketball. The new indoor game was played with a soccer ball, peach baskets, and nine to a side. This first contest is believed to have been played on December 21, 1891. Things to remember about the History ·Basketball came to existence through the ingenuity of Dr. James Naismith. ·It was first to played in 1891 at springfield, Massachusetts, YMCA. ·The first ball used was a soccer football, because of its ability to bounce uniformly. ·The first baskets were peach baskets suspended from the traditional running track of so many gymnasiums built in that period. ·The heights of the baskets were determined by the running track or balcony height. ·The first team had nine players, three forwards, three centers, and three guards. ·Later it became optional to reduce five, and finally, five was selected as the best number. ·Basketball was first used in Olympic Games in 1936 in Berlin where the United States toyed with all oppositions. OBJECTIVE Basketball is played by 2 teams of 5 players each. The aim of each team is to score in the opponent’s basket and to prevent the other team from scoring. SCORING Free throws are worth 1 point; a field goal is worth 2 points. If the shot is taken from behind the three-point line it is worth 3 points. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins. GAME LENGTH Under FIBA rules, a game is divided into four quarters, each lasting 10 minutes. In the NBA each quarter lasts 12 minutes. If the game is tied at the end of regulation, overtime periods of 5 minutes are played until a winner is determined. FOULS Personal foul: Irregular contact (defensive foul, offensive foul) Technical foul: technical violations and lack of discipline (e.g disregard of referee decisions, provocation, too many players on the court) BASKETBALL POSITION CENTER is the tallest player on each team, playing near the basket. On offense, the center tries to score on close shots and rebound. But on defense, the center tries to block opponents’ shots and rebound their misses. POWER FORWARD does many of the things a center does, playing near the basket while rebounding and defending taller players. But power forwards also take longer shots than centers. SMALL FORWARD plays against small and large players. They roam all over on the court. Small forwards can score from long shots and close ones. POINT GUARD runs the offense and usually is the team’s best dribbler and passer. The point guard defends the opponents’ point guard and tries to steal the ball. SHOOTING GUARD is usually the team’s best shooter. The shooting guard can make shots from long distance and is a good dribbler. THE COURT The Playing area for basketball is called the basketball court. The rectangular court measures 94ft x 50ft. or 28m long and 15m wide. THE BALL The official ball is spherical with a circumference of 29.5 to 30inches for men and 28.5 to 20 inches for women. THE RING The basket consists of a simple metal ring constructed from solid iron, 18 inches in diameter. Any colored cord net hangs from the ring. The ring is firmly attached to a backboard. Backboards used nowadays are transparent glass and are rectangular in shape. SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES Dribbling is the first area of the game to be taught. Handling the ball is the foundation of the game. The accumulation of proper skills and techniques should start from the grassroots. Types of Dribbling 1. High-Speed Dribble – This type of dribbling is best applied when a player is unguarded and moving quickly 2. Low-Control Dribble- This type of dribbling is effectively used when a player is guarded closely 3. Crossover Dribble – This type of dribbling is used when the defender is guarding loosely 4. Reverse Dribble – This type of dribble allows a player to change directions against an opponent who is defending closely. SHOOTING Shooting is said to be the most vital of all skills. The primary objective of the game of basketball is to score points through shooting. PASSING Passing one of the fundamental skills of the game. It is the most effective way of moving the ball from one part of the playing court to another without losing position. TYPE OF PASSING Chest pass – This is the usual pass. It is a two-handed pass made in front of the chest and is effective over a short range. Bounce pass – This pass is a short distance pass used to avoid an interception when a player is closely guarded. Overhead pass – This is a twohanded pass which is used when a player is taller than the defending opponent. REBOUNDING Rebounding This is gaining possession of the ball after an unsuccessful shooting attempt. Positioning is the most important aspects of rebounding.