Basketball History and Terms PDF

Basketball  History Dr. James Naismith was an instructor at the International YMCA Training School in the United States. In 1891, he was asked by his supervisor to invent a game that could be played indoors, in the evening and during the winter season. The first baske...

Basketball  History Dr. James Naismith was an instructor at the International YMCA Training School in the United States. In 1891, he was asked by his supervisor to invent a game that could be played indoors, in the evening and during the winter season. The first basketball that he used was actually a soccer ball. And for baskets, he used peach baskets. But after every made shot, someone would have to climb a ladder to retrieve the ball. Naismith made a list of thirteen rule before the first game was played. Although we have modified a few rules, twelve of them still remain.  Where it came from, and how it started.. In early December 1891, Dr. James Naismith, a Canadian-born physical education professor and instructor at the International Young Men's Christian Association Training School (YMCA) (today, Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA, was trying to keep his gym class active on a rainy day. He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied and at proper levels of fitness during the long New England winters. After rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules of his game and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot (3.05 m) elevated track. In contrast with modern basketball nets, this peach basket retained its bottom, and balls had to be retrieved manually after each "basket" or point scored; this proved inefficient, however, so the bottom of the basket was removed allowing the balls to be poked out with a long dowel each time. The peach baskets were used until 1906 when they were finally replaced by metal hoops with backboards. A further change was soon made, so the ball merely passed through, paving the way for the game we know today. An association football was used to shoot baskets. Whenever a person got the ball in the basket, his team would gain a point. Whichever team got the most points won the game. The baskets were originally nailed to the mezzanine balcony of the playing court, but this proved impractical when spectators on the balcony began to interfere with shots. The backboard was introduced to prevent this interference; it had the additional effect of allowing rebound shots. How it’s played… The object of the game is to outscore one's opponents by throwing the ball through the opponents' basket from above while preventing the opponents from doing so on their own. An attempt to score in this way is called a shot. A successful shot is worth two points, or three points if it is taken from beyond the three-point arch which is 6.25 meters (20 ft 6 in) from the basket in international games and 23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m) in NBA games. A one- point shot can be earned when shooting from the foul line after a foul is made. Games are played in four quarters of 10 (FIBA) or 12 minutes (NBA). Fifteen minutes are allowed for a half-time break under FIBA, NBA, and NCAA rules. Overtime periods are five minutes in length. Teams exchange baskets for the second half. The time allowed is actual playing time; the clock is stopped while the play is not active. Therefore, games generally take much longer to complete than the allotted game time, typically about two hours. Five players from each team may be on the court at one time. Substitutions are unlimited but can only be done when play is stopped. Teams also have a coach, who oversees the development and strategies of the team, and other team personnel such as assistant coaches, managers, statisticians, doctors and trainers. For both men's and women's teams, a standard uniform consists of a pair of shorts and a jersey with a clearly visible number, unique within the team, printed on both the front and back. Players wear high-top sneakers that provide extra ankle support. Typically, team names, players' names and, outside of North America, sponsors are printed on the uniforms. A limited number of time-outs, clock stoppages requested by a coach (or sometimes mandated in the NBA) for a short meeting with the players, are allowed. They generally last no longer than one minute (100 seconds in the NBA) unless, for televised games, a commercial break is needed. The game is controlled by the officials consisting of the referee (referred to as crew chief in the NBA), one or two umpires (referred to as referees in the NBA) and the table officials. For college, the NBA, and many high schools, there are a total of three referees on the court. The table officials are responsible for keeping track of each teams scoring, timekeeping, individual and team fouls, player substitutions, team possession arrow, and the shot clock.  Positions on it point guard: usually the fastest player on the team, organizes the team's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time. shooting guard: creates a high volume of shots on offense; guards the opponent's best perimeter player on defense. small forward: often primarily responsible for scoring points via cuts to the basket and dribble penetration; on defense seeks rebounds and steals, but sometimes plays more actively. power forward: plays offensively often with their back to the basket; on defense, plays under the basket (in a zone defense) or against the opposing power forward (in man-to-man defense). center: uses height and size to score (on offense), to protect the basket closely (on defense), or to rebound.  The Game Basketball is played 5 players on each team (2 guards, 2 forwards, and 1 center). Both teams can move the full length of the court and play both offense and defense. High School has 4 eight minute quarters Time outs are allowed five times a game. Teams get 3 full time outs which last one minute, and 2 thirty second time outs. One extra time out is given to each team for each over time periods. Jump ball begins every game, done in the center circle. After the first jump ball, in high school, the possession arrow determines the possession. The arrow points to the team who gets the next jump ball. After each made shot the other team gets the ball and inbounds it from the base line underneath the basket.  The Court The length is between 74-94 feet long. The width is 42-50 feet wide. The free throw lanes are at both ends of the court. Each lane is 12 feet wide. The free throw line is 15 feet from the basket and the three point line is 19 feet from the basket. The baskets are metal rings 18 inches in diameter and 10 feet above the floor.  Dribbling Dribbling- The fingers are spread while the wrist is flexed. While the fingers control the direction of the ball, the wrist gives the force. Crossover Dribbling- is used to change direction. When completing this dribble, the ball should change hands at knee-high level so the defense can’t steal it ( four type of crossovers are behind the back, spin, between your legs and in front of your body).  Shots Shooting-Shooting hand is under the ball, fingers spread, elbow and knees bent with wrist extended back. As you bring the ball up the elbow and knees extend up and your wrist snaps toward the basket. Lay Up-A shot made on a drive to the basket. On the last dribble the ball is grasped by both hands and brought over the forehead with shooting hand under the ball. As you shoot you take off with the opposite foot and release the ball at the height of the jump. The ball should be laid-up off the back board and into the net.  Passing Chess Pass- the ball is held at the chess with both hands on both sides of the ball. You release the ball by extending your arms, stepping with your strong foot and turning your thumbs from the top to the bottom. Aim the pass at the receiver’s chest. Bounce Pass- the ball is held at the waist with hands on both sides of the ball. You release by extending your arms, stepping with your strong foot and turning thumbs from bottoms to top.  Passing continued… Skip Pass- the ball is held over the head with thumbs under the ball and fingers spread. You step into the direction of the pass while arms are brought forward and wrist are snapped. Baseball Pass- ball is brought back behind the ear and hand under the ball. As you throw the pass, step with opposite foot in the direction of the pass. The throwing arm is brought forward and downward ( usually thrown with dominant hand).  Body Positions Triple Threat Position-The shooting hand is behind the ball and protected inside your body, right at the hip( allows you to shoot, pass, or dribble). Defensive Stance- Your body weight is distributed equally on the balls of your feet, knees bent, head up, feet shoulder width apart and seat low.  Other Techniques Screening- is done by putting your body in the way of a defensive player. A screen is used to help get teammates open. It can be set on any defensive player. Jab Step- Used by an offensive player in order to see how the defense reacts. It’s a short step with your strong foot out of triple threat position.  Terms Assist- a pass from one offensive player to another resulting in a basket. Back Court- half of the floor that contains the opponents basket. B.E.E.F.- stands for balance, elbow, eyes, and follow through. It a way to remember the important parts of shooting. Boxing Out- a skill used to prevent opponents from getting a good rebounding position. The Court- the playing are of basketball. Defensive Player- a player whose team doesn’t have possession of the ball. Free Throw- an unguarded attempt at the basket from the free throw line.  Terms continued… Front Court- half of the floor which contain your basket. Offensive Player- a player whose team has possession of the ball. One and One- when the free throw shooter has to make the first shoot to get the second attempt. Pivot- a player with the ball that can’t dribble, can turn and move one of their feet. Rebound- when a missed shot bounces off the basket or backboard. Either team can claim the ball. Steal- when a defensive player manages to take the ball away from the offense. Turnover- when the offensive team is called for a violation or causes the ball to be given to the defensive team.  Violations Violation result in awarding the ball to the opponents out of bounds Traveling- running with the ball without dribbling. Double Dribble- Using two hand to dribble. 5 Second Call- Two kinds,(1) taking more than 5seconds to inbound the ball. (2)Ball handler holds the ball for more than 5 second while being closely guarded, dribbling or not dribbling. 10 Second Call- when offense takes more than 10 seconds to get the ball into front court. Also called backcourt violation. 3 Second Call- offensive player standing in the lane for more than 3 seconds. Out of Bounds- stepping on a boundary line while in possession of the ball.  Fouls Personal Foul- player who holds, trips, pushes, or charges opponent. – If you are fouled while making your shot, you only get one free throw. If you miss a shot that was behind the three point line, you get three free throws. But if your shot was inside the three point line, than you only get two free throws. Technical Foul- called against a player or coach for unsportsmanlike conduct. Non-shooting fouls are also counted as team fouls. – If a team get 1-6 foul calls, the other team gets the ball out of bounds. – If a team get 7-9 foul calls, the player fouled shoots a one-and-one, called bonus. – If a teams get 10 or more foul calls, Player fouled shoots 2 shots, called supper bonus. Disqualification- occurs if a player gets 5 personal fouls. International Basketball The International Basketball Federation was formed in 1932 by eight founding nations: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania and Switzerland. At this time, the organization only oversaw amateur players. Its acronym, derived from the French Fédération Internationale de Basketball Amateur, was thus FIBA". Men's Basketball was first included in the Berlin Olympic Games in 1936, although a demonstration tournament was held in 1904. The United States defeated Canada in the first final, played outdoors. This competition has usually been dominated by the United States, whose team has won all but three titles, the first loss in a controversial final game in Munich in 1972 against the Soviet Union. In 1950 the first FIBA World Championship for men was held in Argentina. Three years later, the first FIBA World Championship for Women was held in Chile. Women's basketball was added to the Olympics in 1976, which were held in Montreal, Canada with teams such as the Soviet Union, Brazil and Australia rivaling the American squads. FIBA Court Dimensions  28x15 meters = (91.9 x 49.2 ft.) Areas in a Basketball Court