Basketball Lecture PDF

BASKETBALL LECTURE Basketball began in 1891, it was invented by James Naismith a graduate student and physical education instructor at the International YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts (now known as Springfield College). As being a less injury-prone sport than football. He was a...

BASKETBALL LECTURE Basketball began in 1891, it was invented by James Naismith a graduate student and physical education instructor at the International YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts (now known as Springfield College). As being a less injury-prone sport than football. He was a 31-year-old graduate student when he created the sport, keeping players indoors during the winter. Naismith hung up peach baskets nailed to the balconies at each end of the gymnasium which just so happened to be ten feet high. Two men were positioned at either end of the balcony to retrieve the ball from the basket and return it to the game. It wasn't until a couple of years later that the bottoms of those baskets were cut out so that the ball could drop through. On March 11, 1892, the first-ever basketball game in public was played. It was held at the YMCA in Springfield, Massachusetts and involved students and faculty. The students won against the faculty with a score of 5-1. In 1894, The soccer ball that was previously being used in games was replaced with what we now know as the official basketball. During 1904, Basketball was included as a demonstration sport in the Summer Olympics held in St. Louis, Missouri. This marked the first appearance of basketball in the Olympic Games. Metal hoops, nets, and backboards were introduced, replacing the peach baskets in 1906. The game became established quite quickly, and it grew very popular into the 20th century. It first became popular in America and then branched out to get more popularity in other corners of the world. As the game became established in colleges first, the professional game, what we now know as the NBL, soon followed. The NBA then became established in 1946, and grew into a multibillion-dollar enterprise before the end of the 20th century, and as a result the sport became an important part of American culture. The first basketball games were played with soccer balls. However, they proved to be unsuitable for dribbling and ball handling. The first manufactured basketballs were produced in 1894 by a bicycle manufacturing company. In the late 1890’s Spalding took over as the official ball maker. In 1905 the choice of basketballs was left up to the teams. Because of their inability to maintain their shape and their laces, these early brown leather basketballs were hard to dribble. In 1929 basketballs were re-designed for more bounce and with concealed laces which eliminated erratic bounces. The balls were bigger, lighter and easier to handle. In 1942 molded basketballs that maintained a constant shape and size replaced the stitched balls. In 1967 the American Basketball Association (ABA) played with red, white and blue basketball. Today, the WNBA and FIBA use contrasting panels. The men’s ball is 30’’ in circumference and the smaller women’s ball is 29’’ in circumference. 1932 - the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) was established, becoming the governing body for the sport worldwide. Scoring Players can score 1, 2, 3 (or even 4 points) during a possession. Players score 3 points for any basket made beyond the 3 point line, in bounds Players score 2 points for any basket made inside the 3 point line, in bounds. Players score 1 point for made free throws. Free throws are shots when a player is fouled in the act of shooting. A free throw shot is also taken when the other team is over the foul limit, putting the offensive team in a bonus “1 and 1” situation. Basketball in the Philippines Basketball was introduced to the Philippines during the American colonial period, with American teachers teaching it through the YMCA and school system. Introduced as a women's sport in 1910, it faced opposition from conservative groups, leading to its decline and being replaced by indoor softball and volleyball. Children playing basketball in a rural area. Basketball is the most popular sport in the Philippines, played on both the amateur and professional levels. Postcard of women playing basketball in Dagupan, 1910. Terminologies Assist: A pass directly leading to a made basket. Block: Touching a ball before it reaches the hoop, preventing a made basket. Blocking: A foul committed by obstructing an offensive player with your body. Boxing out: Using your body to prevent another player from gathering a rebound. Charging: A personal foul for when an offensive player runs over a stationary defensive player. Defense: The team without possession of the ball. Dribbling: Bouncing the ball off the floor repeatedly without picking it up. Dunk: When a player jumps and throws the ball through the hoop from close range. Field goal: When the ball goes through the hoop on any shot other than a free throw, worth either two or three points. Free throw: A shot awarded after a player is fouled, worth one point. Offense: The team in possession of the ball. Pass: To throw the ball to one’s teammates. Rebound: To gather the ball after a missed shot. Shot: An attempt to throw the ball into the hoop. Three-point-line: The semi-circle surrounding the key. Shots made from beyond this line count for three points. Travelling: A violation for moving without dribbling the ball. Turnover: When a team loses possession of the ball. Fundamental Skills in Basketball Chest Pass The chest pass is named so because the pass originated from the chest. It is thrown by gripping the ball on the sides with the thumbs directly behind the ball. When the pass is thrown, the fingers are rotated behind the ball and the thumbs are turned down. Bounce Pass in basketball, a movement of the ball from one player to another member of the same team by throwing it so that it hits the ground once before going to the other player: Overhead Pass The overhead pass consists of offensive action that occurs when a player in current possession of the basketball places it over their head before throwing it with two hands towards a teammate that is able to receive it. Baseball Pass The baseball pass consists of offensive action in which a player in possession of the basketball throws it to a receiver, typically using a throwing motion that is somewhat similar to a pitcher’s throw in the sport of baseball. Behind the back Pass A behind the back pass consists of offensive action that occurs when a player in current possession of the basketball throws it behind their back to an open teammate for a possible scoring or playmaking opportunity. Jump Shot The jump shot is one of the most important shots in basketball. It is a basic shooting technique in which a player throws the ball towards the basket from a straight vertical jump. The jump shot is done with one hand, where the second hand holds the ball in place until the shot is taken. Lay up Shot A layup in basketball is a two - points shot attempt made by leaping from below, laying the ball up near the basket, and using one hand to bounce it off the backboard and into the basket. The motion and one-handed reach distinguish it from a jump shot. The layup is considered the most basic shot in basketball. Hook Shot A hook shot is a play in which the offensive player, usually turned perpendicular to the basket, gently throws the ball with a sweeping motion of the arm farther from the basket in an upward arc with a follow-through which ends over his head. Basketball Equipment/Measurement Basketball Court Size The size of the court depends on the playing level. The size of the court for the NBA and college games is 94 ft. long and 50 ft. wide. BACKBOARD AND RIM The basket is a steel rim 18 inches diameter with an attached net affixed to a backboard that measures 6 feet by 3.5 feet and one basket is at each end of the court. FOUL LINE For all size courts, the foul line is marked 15 ft. in front of the backboard. 3 POINT LINE (arc) The line or arc measures 22 ft. to the center of the rim. LINE MARKING The ones imprinted on the floor are 2 in. wide and can vary in color. BALL This is an inflated sphere with an outer covering measuring 75-78 cm in circumference and weighs 600-650 grams. This must be made of leather in the official FIBA competitions. MEN- 29.5 inches in circumference (size 7, or a "295 ball") and weighs 22 oz WOMEN- 28.5 inches in circumference (size 6, or a "285 ball") with a weight of 20 oz. DIFFERENT POSITIONS OF PLAYERS 1.Point Guard - The Point Guard (1 or PG) is often seen as the team’s floor general, orchestrating the offense and setting up plays. 2.Shooting Guard - The Shooting Guard (2 or SG) is known as the team’s primary scorer, possessing the ability to shoot from long range and drive to the basket with agility. 3.Small Forward - The Small Forward (3 or SF) is a versatile player, adept at both scoring and defending, and often seen as the team’s jack-of-all-trades. 4.Power Forward - The Power Forward (4 or PF) is the team’s rugged enforcer, combining physicality with finesse to dominate the paint and the perimeter. 5.Center - The Center (5 or C) is the defensive anchor and the offensive cornerstone, often the tallest player, protecting the rim and dominating the post. VIOLATIONS THREE-SECOND RULE – a player is not allowed to remain in the opponent’s restricted area for more than three minutes. FIVE-SECOND RULE-a player who is holding a live ball on the court is closely guarded when an opponent is in active guarding position at a distance of no more than one meter. A closely guarded player must pass, shoot, or dribble the ball within five minutes. EIGHT-SECOND RULE- the team must within eight seconds cause the ball o go into the frontcourt. 24 -SECOND RULE- a shot for a field goal within 24 seconds. PERSONAL FOULS- it involves illegal contacts with an opposing player whether the ball is live or dead.  Blocking - impedes the progress of an opposing player with or without the ball Charging- is pushing or moving an opposing player torso, with or without the ball Holding - is personal foul contact with an opposing player that interferes with his freedom of movement Illegal screening- is an illegal attempt to delay or prevent an opposing player who does not control the ball from reaching a desired position on the playing court Pushing - is a personal contact with any part of the body which takes place when a player forcibly moves or attempt to move an opposing player who has or does not have control of the ball Travelling - a player who is holding a live ball on the court steps once or more than once in any direction with the same foot, while the pivot foot is kept in contact with the floor. Ball returned to the backcourt- a player who is in control of a live ball in his front court may not cause the ball to be returned to his backcourt Interference- with the occurs during a shot for a field goal when; a defensive player touches the ball or the basket while the ball is in the basket, a player reaches through the basket from below and touches the ball. Disqualifying Foul- any flagrantly unsportsmanlike behavior by a player, substitute, coach and assistant coach or team’s followers. Carrying (palming) - Carrying, or palming, is like a double dribble. Players may not put the palm of their hands under the ball or carry the ball in one hand for a long time. This is similar to holding the ball and a double dribble. Lane violations - During a free throw shot, players will line up on both sides of the lane. If they jump into the lane prior to the shot, it will be called a lane violation. If it was an offensive player, a made shot will not count. If it was a defensive player, a missed shot will not count and the shooter will get another try. Kicking - Players are not allowed to intentionally kick the ball. If a defensive player kicks the ball, the offensive team will get it out of bounds. Goaltending - Goaltending is when a player interferes with a shot when it is above the rim, but still on its downward path to the basket, interferes with the ball while on the rim of the basket, or touches the net or rim while the ball is being shot. If goaltending is called on the defense, the shot is called good. If goaltending is on the offense, then the shot does not count and the defense gets the ball. Out of bounds - The ball is considered out of bounds when it touches the ground outside the lines of the court. The lines themselves are considered out of bounds as well. It is also out of bounds if the ball touches a player who has any part of their body touching the ground out of bounds.