PDHPE Flash Cards Term 4 PDF

**Characteristics of children 12-14 years who are active:** - Enjoy being a valued member of a team - Higher levels of physical literacy - Enjoy spending time with friends doing fun physical activities - Find challenges and rewards appealing - Like trying new things - More likely t...

**Characteristics of children 12-14 years who are active:** - Enjoy being a valued member of a team - Higher levels of physical literacy - Enjoy spending time with friends doing fun physical activities - Find challenges and rewards appealing - Like trying new things - More likely to have active parents **Characteristics of children 12-14 year who are inactive/less active:** - Find that sport causes mental stress - Put off by the involvement of other parents - Increasing time commitments including work, study, family - Decreasing levels of support from parents who value other commitments over sport (i.e. sports) - Likely to have inactive parents **Are teens more likely to be active when older or younger?** Younger **Characteristics of youth 15-17 years who are active:** - Enjoy being a member of a team - Want to improve health, fitness, wellbeing, and mental health - Enjoy spending time with friends and doing a fun activity - Find challenges and rewards appealing - Like trying new things **Characteristics of youth 15-17 years who are inactive:** - Fear being judged and are put off by team selection processes - Lack fitness and skills, worry they can't keep up - Find that sport caused mental stress - Are put off by the involvement of other parents - Have increasing time commitments, including work, study, family - Have decreasing levels of support from parents who value other commitments over sports **Which groups are more likely to be disengaged and physically inactive youth?** - Female - Older - From culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds **What changed have been made over time to make people/children more physically active?** - Government forces children to be physically active at school (this may lead children to be more active outside of school) - Active kids vouchers - Education in school about the importance of being physically active **What changed have been made over time to make people/children less physically active?** - Technology - Covid - Busy parents (cost of living) **Barriers to impacting adolescent participation** - Environmental barriers - Never have connected with spot - Adolescents who have dropped out of school - Negative PE experiences at school - Self-doubt - Parents not valuing physical activity - Lack of access **Motivations impacting adolescent participation** - To improve their skills and fitness for a healthier, more energetic life - Spend time with friends - An interest or hobby - Learn new skills - Social connection - As seen on social media **Health benefits of physical activity** - Social benefits - Better health management - Positive mental wellbeing - Reduce the risk of developing several diseases like type 2 diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease - Stronger bones, muscles and joint - Better recovery **Recommended physical activity for those aged 5 to 17 years** - ­ At least 1 hour of moderate to vigorous activity involving mainly aerobic activities per day. - Vigorous activities should be incorporated at least 3 days per week. - Several hours of light activities per day. **Recommended sedentary time for those aged 5-17 years** Minimise and break up long periods of sitting **Recommended amount of sleep for those aged 5-17 years** 5 to 13 years: 9 to 11 hours. 14 to 17 years: 8 to 10 hours. **What is the impact of Physical Inactivity?** - More likely to gain a disease - Less likely to be physically acted when older - Poor mental health **Cultural significance of physical activity** - Cultural norms - Economic factors (long work hours) - Social practices - Access - Education - Historical practices (e.g. yoga, Tai Chi) - Health beliefs **What is a 'direct' injury?** When the body contacts an external object, for example another person, object, or the ground **What is an 'indirect' injury?** Is caused by forces inside the body, such as excessive strain on the muscles and ligaments **What is an 'overuse' injury?** When specific body regions are used over periods of time, particularly when the movements are repetitive and low impact. **What is a 'Soft tissue injury'?** An injury to any tissue except bone and teeth **What is a 'hard tissue injury'?** Injuries to the bone and teeth **Examples of soft-tissue injuries** - Contusions (bruises) - Sprains - Tendonitis - Bursitis - Stress Injuries - Strains - Skin abrasion/blister **Examples of hard tissue injuries** - Fractures - Dislocation - Loss of teeth **What does TOTAPS stand for?** - Talk - Observe - Touch - Active movement - Passive movement - Skills test - Return to play **During TOTAPS, what should you do for talk?** - Talk to the athlete and ask about what happened to cause the injury, pain severity, history of the injury, alertness **During TOTAPS, what should you do for observe?** Compare the injured site with its opposite. Are there inconsistencies, e.g. injured hand with uninjured hand, bruising, swelling, etc? **During TOTAPS, what should you do for touch?** - Gently feel the area and observe the athlete's reactions to gauge pain levels - Look for muscle spasms and warmth, which may indicate acute damage **During TOTAPS, what should you do for Active movement?** - Continue only if initial steps do not indicate a significant injury - Ask the athlete to move the injured part independently - If movement is impossible, severely restricted or painful, consult a medical professional **During TOTAPS, what should you do for passive movement?** - Check if movement is within normal limits - For upper limb injuries, have the athlete squeeze your hands - For lower limb injuries, ask them to push their feet against your hands - Look for differences between the injured and uninjured limbs - If significances are noted, consult a medial professional **During TOTAPS, what should you do for skills test?** - If no pian is detected, have the athlete stand and perform competition skills (Start with less demanding) - If any pain or difficulty occurs, seek medical advice - If standing is impossible or very painful, stop and seek treatment ***Diversity***: state or quality of being different or varied ***Harassment:*** occurs when someone is made to feel intimidated, insulted or humiliated because of their race, colour, national or ethnic origin; sex; disability; sexual preference; or some other characteristic specified under anti-discrimination or human rights legislation. ***Human Rights:*** rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled. Everyone has the same human rights entitlements; men, women and children, rich and poor, black and white, all nationalities and faiths. Fundamental rights, esp. those believed to belong to an individual and in whose exercise a government may not interfere, as the rights to speak, associate, work.  ***Discrimination:*** treating some people differently to others ***Racial Discrimination***: when a person is treated less favourably than another person in a similar situation because of their race, colour, descent, national or ethnic origin or immigrant status. Racial discrimination can be both direct and indirect. ***Tolerance***: fair, objective, and permissive attitude toward those whose opinions, practices, race, religion, nationality etc., differ from one\'s own ***Vilification:*** Racial hatred (sometimes referred to as vilification) is doing something in public which is likely to offend, insult, humiliate or intimidate an individual or group of people of a particular race, colour or national or ethnic origin. **What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?** A document which outlines the rights and freedoms everyone is entitled to **Individuals or situations where human rights may be denied:** - Homeless people - Refugees - People who are detained - People with mental health issues - Women - Indigenous people - Disabled - Elderly **What is racial discrimination?** When a person is treated less favorably, or not given the same opportunities, as others in a similar situation, because of their race, the country where they were born, their ethnic origin or their skin colour. **Identify examples of racial discrimination in employment?** - Insisting that all employees must speak English at all times, even during their break - Not employing someone from a particular racial groups because they believe that \'those people are unreliable\' - Not employing or promoting someone because of assumptions they wouldn\'t \'fit in\' with their colleagues - Unfair treatment in the course of work on the basis of races such as subjecting employees to negative comments about their race **Identify examples of racial discrimination in the provision of goods or services?** - Refusing to provide a person with goods, services and facilities due to their race/colour of skin - Providing them with goods, services and facilities on less favorable terms and conditions - Providing the goods, services, and facilities in an unfair manner **Distinguish between direct and indirect discrimination?** - Direct: When a person is treated less favorably than another person in a similar situation because of their race, colour, descent, national or ethnic origin or immigrant status - Indirect: This is a less obvious force of discrimination **Social changes during adolescence:** - Part time jobs - Intimate relationships - Driver\'s license - More responsibilities - More emotionally + socially developed=better ideas - Subject selection - More access to social media **Worrisome things about parties** - Impractical to stay out late - People drinking - People doing drugs - Unfamiliar people - Gatecrashers - Putting things on social media **What do you need to know about parties?** - Who is going to be there? - Where is the party? - Who's running the party? - Will parents be there? - How well do you know the people? - How you are getting home? **Alcohol** A colourless flammable liquid obtained by fermentation of sugars and starches and widely used as a solvent and in drugs, cleaning solutions, explosives, and intoxicating beverages. **Analgesic** A drug that relieves or removes pain eg Panadol **Binge Drinking** Drinking heavily over a short period of time or drinking heavily over a number of days or weeks **Depressant** A drug which slows down the activity of the central nervous system **Drug** Any substance, natural or man-made, that alters the structure or function of the body **Graduated licensing** As drivers gain more driving experience and their skills improve, they 'graduate' to the next licence step -- from learner, to P1, P2 and then finally a full, unrestricted licence. **Hallucinogen** A dug which acts to alter a person's mood and thought and often lead to a person seeing hallucinations **Harm minimisation** Strategies that aim to address alcohol and other drug issues by reducing their harmful effects on individuals and society. **Mobile drug testing** Mobile Drug Testing detects the presence of four common illegal drugs: ecstasy, cannabis, cocaine and methamphetamine. Tests can be conducted at roadside operations along with random breath testing or by NSW Police in vehicles patrolling our roads. **Polydrug Use** Where two or more drugs are used together. It can multiply the effect of each drug on the body. **Random breath testing** Random breath testing measures your blood alcohol content (BAC) to check if it is below or above the Australian Blood Alcohol Limit. Your blood alcohol content is basically a measure for the amount of alcohol in your bloodstream.  **Stimulant** A drug which increases the activity of the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) **What were the leading causes of disease burden in 2015 for males aged 15-24 and for females?** Alcohol and illicit drug use were the top causes of disease burden for males aged 15-24 and the second and third leading causes for females. **How have tobacco smoking and illicit drug use trends changed among young people, and what is the current status of risky alcohol consumption?** Tobacco smoking and illicit drug use are declining among young people, but risky alcohol consumption remained high in 2019. **What percentage of risky drinkers aged 14-19 were injured from drinking and sought emergency care in 2016-17?** 83% of risky drinkers aged 14-19 were injured as a result of their drinking, and 7% attended the emergency department for alcohol-related injuries. **What is the trend regarding alcohol abstinence among individuals aged 14-24?** An increasing proportion of individuals aged 14-24 are reporting abstinence from alcohol. **How has the average age of initiation for tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs changed from 2001 to 2019?** The average age of initiation for tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs has increased from 2001 to 2019. **How does the burden of disease from alcohol and drug use for males aged 15-24 compare to that for females in 2015?** Males aged 15-24 experienced nearly twice the disease burden from alcohol and drug use compared to females. **What proportion of clients seeking treatment for alcohol and drug use in 2019-20 were aged 10-19 and 20-29?** Over 11% of clients seeking treatment were aged 10-19, and 26% were aged 20-29. **Are L or P plates more likely to have accidents?** P-platers as they are more likely to be more confident **Which sex is more likely to drive under the influence?** Males **Concerns related to risky driving behaviour amongst 16-17 year olds** - P-plates, once they don\'t have a supervising driver next to them, they take more risks - Driving with friends e.g. talking or loud music - More likely to take risks e.g. not wearing seat belt - Driving when tried - More likely to have more people in the car - Time management - being late and rush in the car - Being on their phones **Give reasons for why Australian's consume alcohol** - Big drinking culture and peer pressure - Increase in positive emotions - Constantly seeing other people drinking - To get drunk - Social benefits - Risk taking **What are the INDIVIDUAL factors that influence risk taking behaviours?** - Age - Gender - Driving experience - Personality traits (sensation seeking - Mental health background (e.g. anxiety, depression, or ADHD) - Previous experiences **What are the SOCIOCULTURAL factors that influence risk taking behaviours?** - Cultural norms - Peer and family influence - Family dynamics (parenting styles and family attitudes) - Socioeconomic status (individuals from lower socioeconomic background mat take more risks due to limited opportunities or resources) **What are the ENVIRONMENTAL factors that influence risk taking behaviours?** - Access to education, healthcare, and financial resources - Situational factors - Media influence (being exposed to media portraying risky behaviours as glamorous) - Laws and regulations **What are the EMOTIONAL consequences of Road crashes?** - Trauma and grief (victims and families may experience profound grief and those in the accident may suffer from anxiety and PTSD) - Mental health issues (e.g. depression, anxiety, PTSD) - Developing a fear of driving or riding in vehicles **What are the SOCIAL consequences of Road crashes?** - Family strain (Disrupt family dynamics and relations) - Community impact (A high number of accidents in an area can create a sense of insecurity and fear within the community) - Survivors or families of victims may face stigma o isolation **What are the ECONOMIC consequences of Road crashes?** - Medical costs - Loss of productivity (missing work will impact personal finances) - Insurance and new car costs - Governments playing for high costs for road repairs and emergency services **What are the LEGAL consequences of Road crashes?** - Liability and lawsuits (Accidents mat result in legal disputes over liability) - Traffic violations (e.g. facing license suspensions or criminal charges) - Regulatory changes (e.g. high rates of accidents can prompt changes in traffic laws or regulations) **What are the PHYSICAL consequences of Road crashes?** - Injuries and disabilities - Fatalities (death - Impact on Healthcare systems (increased emergency rooms visits and hospitalisations can strain healthcare resources) **What are the PHYSICAL impacts on binge drinking on the individual?** - Lead to long term health issues (e.g. liver disease) - Declining mental health - Poor memory and brain damage - Difficulty having children - High changes of having cancer - Physical dependence on alcohol **What are the PHYSICAL impacts on binge drinking on the community?** - Increased violence - Increased injuries and fatalities - Increased accidents - Increased domestic abuse - Effects the productivity of the community - Impacting the productivity of the workplace **What are the SOCIAL impacts on binge drinking on the individual?** - Relationship strain (conflicts) - Social isolations (withdraw from social activities) - Risky behaviours (e.g. substance use, sexual practices) - Impaired social skills - Damaged reputation - Normalises the use of excessive amounts of alcohol **What are the SOCIAL impacts on binge drinking on the community?** - Increased crime rates - Strain on Emergency Services - Economic burden (e.g. costs of healthcare, law enforcement, lost productivity) - Loss of community trust and community - Stigmatization **What are the EMOTIONAL impacts on binge drinking on the individual?** - Increased anxiety and depression, creates a cycle where individual use drinking to cope - Emotional instability (alcohol can affect mood regulation, leads to heightened emotional responses, irritability, and mood swings) - Guilt and shame - Low self-esteem (contribute to feelings of worthlessness, especially if they feel unable to control their drinking) - Isolation leads to loneliness - Impaired coping skills - Risk of addiction **What are the EMOTIONAL impacts on binge drinking on the community?** - Increased anxiety and fear (especially if there are incidents of violence) - Community fracture (individuals may feel unsafe or mistrustful of one another) - Loss of community identity (ashamed or stigmatised) - Impacts youth by creating environments where risky behaviours are normalised **What are the COGNITIVE impacts on binge drinking on the individual?** - Memory impairment (blackouts and gaps in memory) - Decreased attention span (challenging to concentrate on tasks) - Poor decision-making (impair judgment and increased risk-taking behaviours) - Learning difficulties (inability to retain new information) - Slowed cognitive processing (reduced reaction time and problem solving abilities) - Increased risk of Mental health disorders **What are the COGNATIVE impacts on binge drinking on the community?** - Decreased productivity (absent from work and overall workplace efficiency) - Community leader may struggle to make good decisions if they are affected binge drinking - Student performance if they were to engage in binge drinking - 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