PCQA 111 Group IIA and IIB Notes PDF

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY GROUP IIA AND GROUP IIB PCQA 111 Jayson F. Serrano, RPh Instructor GROUP BERYLLIUM IIA Never employed in ALKALINE medicine because it is the EARTH MOST TOXIC META...

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY GROUP IIA AND GROUP IIB PCQA 111 Jayson F. Serrano, RPh Instructor GROUP BERYLLIUM IIA Never employed in ALKALINE medicine because it is the EARTH MOST TOXIC METAL. Fluorescent lamp METALS OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  MAGNESIUM 2nd most abundant intercellular cation GROUP IIA Present in chlorophyll (Significance: Photosynthesis) ALKALINE Present in Grignard’s reagent EARTH METALS Natural sources: As silicates: (talc, asbestos) As CO3 ( magnesite, dolomite) As SO4 ( kieserite ) OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  MAGNESIUM GROUP Pcol action: IIA Laxative ALKALINE Depressant Natural Ca-channel EARTH blocker METALS Antidote for Magnesium poisoning: Ca gluconate OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  IDENTIFICATION TEST FOR MAGNESIUM p-nitrobenzene resorcinol  blue GROUP lake IIA Oxine reagent  yellow precipitate Diphenyl carbazide  violet-red ALKALINE Quinalizarin reagent  blue EARTH precipitate Magnesium vs Beryllium  both METALS produces blue precipitate with quinalizarin reagent; addition of bromine water differentiates the two. OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  MAGNESIUM CARBONATE “Magnesia” Antacid, laxative GROUP MAGNESIUM OXIDE/ IIA CALCINED MAGNESIA ALKALINE Antacid, laxative EARTH COMPONENT OF UNIVERSAL ANTIDOTE METALS (1 part) MgO (2 parts) Activated charcoal (1 part) Tannic acid OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  MAGNESIUM SULFATE “Epsom salt” GROUP Cathartic (PO) IIA Anticonvulsant (IM) Pre-eclampsia triad ALKALINE HPN, proteinuria, edema EARTH Eclampsia METALS triad + seizure Antidote for Ba toxicity, barbiturates poisoning OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE “Milk of magnesia” “Magnesia magma” GROUP FYI: Do you know milk of IIA amnesia? same as magnesium carbonate ALKALINE Component of Maalox (Mg(OH)2 EARTH + Al(OH)3 + Simethicone) METALS Side effect: diarrhea  add aluminum hydroxide Type of bottle for dispensing milk of magnesia: BLUE BOTTLE OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  HYDRATED MAGNESIUM SILICATE Talc, Soapstone, French GROUP chalk “softest mineral” known IIA Uses ALKALINE Filtering agent EARTH Clarifying agent Dusting powder METALS MAGNESIUM CITRATE Lemonada purganti Purgative lemonade OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  CALCIUM 2nd most abundant cation in EXTRACELLULAR fluid GROUP major constituent of bones and teeth  hydroxyapatite IIA Vitamin D is needed for its maximum absorption ALKALINE Pharmacologic action: Blood coagulation factor EARTH Important muscle contraction Important release of METALS neurotransmitter Primary element of bones and teeth, (98-99%) OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  CALCIUM Sources: Dolomite GROUP Gypsum Phosphate rock IIA Apatite ALKALINE Deficiency states: Osteoporosis: most common bone EARTH disorder; defective bone resorption METALS Osteomalacia: defective bone mineralization in ADULT Rickets: defective bone mineralization in CHILDREN Hypocalcemia OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY GROUP CALCIUM BROMIDE Sedative –depressant IIA ALKALINE CALCIUM CHLORIDE EARTH “Muriate of lime” METALS Ca replenisher OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  CALCIUM CARBONATE Precipitated chalk Prepared chalk GROUP IIA Calcite Marble ALKALINE Limestone EARTH METALS Uses: Antacid Ingredient of toothpaste Dentifrice OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  CALCIUM GLUCONATE Ca supplement and GROUP replenisher IIA Antidote for Mg2+ ALKALINE poisoning CALCIUM LACTATE EARTH Ca supplement METALS CALCIUM BIPHOSPHATE source of Ca and PO4 OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY GROUP IIA ALKALINE EARTH METALS CALCIUM HYDROXIDE Slaked lime Milk of lime Calcium hydrate Uses: Antacid Saponifying agent Prevention of milk curdling  promoting digestability of the milk OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY GROUP IIA ALKALINE EARTH METALS CALCIUM OXIDE Lime Quicklime Calx Uses Component of Bordeaux mixture Insecticide OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  CALCIUM PHOSPHATE Bone ash GROUP Antacid IIA CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE ALKALINE Chlorinated lime EARTH Chloride of lime METALS Uses Disinfectant Bleaching agent OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  CALCIUM SULFATE CaSO4. ½H2O or 2H2O Plaster of Paris (hemihydrate GROUP IIA form) Gypsum (dihydrate) ALKALINE Terra alba EARTH METALS Uses: Rodenticide prep of surgical casts and dental impressions OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  DIBASIC CALCIUM PHOSPHATE Recommended calcium salt as electrolyte replenisher GROUP STRONTIUM IIA Use: manufacture of flares ALKALINE (red fireworks) EARTH Radioactive strontium is used as bone scanner METALS Strontium has an affinity for bones and useful in studying bone lesions OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY GROUP IIA ALKALINE EARTH METALS STRONTIUM CHLORIDE Sensodyne Temperature desensitizing agent ADR: Darkens the teeth BARIUM Aka: Heavy Toxicity: Baritosis Antidote: Epsom salt Use as green flares OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  BARIUM SULFATE “Barium meal” GROUP Radiopaque substance IIA used for GIT imaging ALKALINE Doesn’t dissociate in the GIT EARTH CO2 absorber METALS BARIUM HYDROXIDE CO2 absorber OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  BARIUM SULFATE GROUP IIA ALKALINE EARTH METALS OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  RADIUM Discovered by Curie GROUP Measurement: Becquerel IIA Board Question: What is the FIRST radioactive ALKALINE element discovered by EARTH curie? POLONIUM. METALS Radioactive element use for: Cancer radiotherapy Diagnostic purpose OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY GROUP IIB VOLATILE METALS Property: Exhibit auto complexation Only Zinc is amphoteric OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY GROUP IIB VOLATILE METALS ZINC Soft metal together with Cd Present in insulin Carbonic Anhydrase enzyme Used to coat iron to make galvanized iron Deficiency: Parakeratosis Toxicity: Metal Fume Fever Antidote: NaHCO3 OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY GROUP IIB VOLATILE METALS ZINC Most common zinc ore = SPHALERITE TEST: Dithizone – (+) red color extract OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY GROUP IIB VOLATILE METALS ZINC CHLORIDE Burnett’s disinfectant fluid Component of Lucas reagent Astring-o-sol (original formula) Uses: Disinfectant/antiseptic Dentin desensitizer Corrosive OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  ZINC OXIDE Zinc white Lassar’s paste, Flowers of GROUP Zinc Component of calamine IIB lotion VOLATILE Zinc carbonate 15% METALS Zinc oxide 5% Glycerin 5% Water 75% Ferric oxide 0.5% OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  ZINC SULFIDE white lotion ingredient Zinc sulfate + Sulfurated potash GROUP Only “white sulfide” IIB Lithopone : 30% ZnS, 70% VOLATILE BaS METALS Uses Parasiticide Topical protectant Antiseptic OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  ZINC SULFATE ZnSO4. 7H2O White vitriol GROUP Uses: IIB Pharmaceutical necessity for white lotion VOLATILE Emetic METALS Ophthalmic astringent (only FDA approved OTC ophthalmic astringent)  relief of minor eye irritation OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY GROUP IIB VOLATILE METALS HYDRATED ZINC SULFATE natural calamine Use: topical protectant ZINC EUGENOL CEMENT dental protective OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  CADMIUM Pcol action: astringent GROUP Other use: manufacture of IIB stink bomb Poisoning: “Itai-Itai Disease” VOLATILE Antidote: BAL METALS Management: Palliative therapy, EDTA immediately given after exposure. OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY GROUP IIB VOLATILE METALS CADMIUM COMPOUNDS Cadmium chloride Emetic Cadmium sulfide Anti-seborrheic Cadmium sulfide Only “yellow sulfide” OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  MERCURY Aka: QUICKSILVER, Messenger of Gods GROUP Industrial use: IIB thermometer, amalgams VOLATILE (dental cement) METALS Disease: Minamata disease, “Pink Disease”, Erethism Antidote: EDTA OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY GROUP IIB VOLATILE METALS MERCURY(Hg) Board Questions: All mercury salts are poisonous. The best antidote is SODIUM FORMALDEHYDE SULFOXYLATE. Question: How to remove mercury that falls into cracks? OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  MERCUROUS CHLORIDE Hg2Cl2 Calomel GROUP Use: cathartic IIB Black lotion: calomel + VOLATILE lime water METALS MERCURIC CHLORIDE (HgCl2) Corrosive sublimate Disinfectant OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  MERCURY IODIDE Mercurous iodide GROUP Treatment of syphilis IIB Mercuric iodide VOLATILE Stimulant of indolent ulcers METALS Mercuric potassium iodide Mayer’s reagent OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  MERCURY COMPOUNDS Mercuric oxide “yellow precipitate” GROUP Ammoniated Mercury IIB “white precipitate” Water soluble mercury VOLATILE Mercury (10-20%) METALS Cetylalcohol (70%) SLS, Dioctylsodium sulfosuccinate, glycerin and water OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY – ANTIPOLO CAMPUS COLLEGE OF PHARMACY  OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACY THANK YOU FOR LISTENING