Inorganic Chemistry CHEM 332 Lecture 6 PDF
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This document is a lecture on inorganic chemistry, specifically focusing on the scandium group. The lecture covers general properties, electronic configurations, and oxidation states of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, and actinium. It also delves into topics like reactivity, oxides, hydroxides, etc.
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Inorganic Chemistry CHEM 332 Lecture 6 INORGANIC GROUP 2024-2025 Sc Scandium group 20_432 Scandium group d-block transition elements Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn...
Inorganic Chemistry CHEM 332 Lecture 6 INORGANIC GROUP 2024-2025 Sc Scandium group 20_432 Scandium group d-block transition elements Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Lecture 6 Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd La* Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Ac† Unq Unp Unh Uns Uno Une Uun Uuu f-block transition elements *Lanthanides Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu † Actinides Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr General properties 1- Electronic configuration 2- Oxidation states 3- Atomic/ionic radii 4- Tendency for hydrolysis 5- Ionization energy Electronic configuration Element symbol At Electronic Oxidation No. configuration states Scandium Sc 21 [Ar] 3d14s2 III Yttrium Y 39 [Kr] 4d15s2 III Lanthanum La 57 [Xe] 5d16s2 III Actinium Ac 89 [Rn] 6d17s2 III They all have d1s2 configuration Oxidation state They always exist in the oxidation state (+ III). M : d1 s2 M3 : d0 their ions and compounds are colourless and diamagnetic Sc2O3 Sc2(SO4)3 The covalent / ionic radii of the elements increase regularly on descending the group. Sc Y La Tendency of Sc to hydrolysis Sc has a greater tendency to hydrolysis than Lanthanide ions, because Sc is smaller than La’s, Tendency of Sc to hydrolysis 2Sc+3.2H2O = [(2Sc+3.2OH-)]+4 + 2H+ n=1 The polymeric chain length increase as pH increases increase pH = basic medium = [OH-] le chatelier’ principle (reaction goes to forwarded direction) The sum of the first three ionization energies for Sc is a little less than for Al. Sc(III) & Al(III) (their properties are almost similar) Chemical properties 1- Reactivity 2- Oxides 3- Hydroxides 4- Hydrides 5- Carbides 6- Halides 7- Complexes Reactivity In Sc cr e The reactivity increase with a increasing size. Y s e La re a ct iv Ac it y Oxides M + O2 M2O3 (burning). basic oxide: M2O3 + acids salts. Basicity: Sc2O3 < Y2O3, La2O3 Sc2O3
