PCOM Reviewer Finals: High & Low Context Culture & Resume Guide PDF

PCOM REVIEWER (FINALS) **LESSON 1: High & Low Context Culture** **Examples of High-Context Cultures:** Philippines, Japan, China, Korea, many Arab countries, and Latin American cultures. **Examples of Low-Context Cultures:** United States, Germany, Switzerland, and Scandinavian countries. **LESS...

PCOM REVIEWER (FINALS) **LESSON 1: High & Low Context Culture** **Examples of High-Context Cultures:** Philippines, Japan, China, Korea, many Arab countries, and Latin American cultures. **Examples of Low-Context Cultures:** United States, Germany, Switzerland, and Scandinavian countries. **LESSON 3: Resume** A. **FORMAT** 1. Reverse Chronological Format (**"trend"**: 99% of applicants used this globally)- This is the most commonly used resume format, where your work experience is listed in reverse chronological order, **starting with your most recent** job and working backward. 2. Functional Format- This format emphasizes skills and achievements rather than a chronological listing of jobs. It downplays **employment dates and job titles**, focusing on competencies. (Best For: Career changers, recent graduates, or those with gaps in employment.) 3. Combination (Hybrid) Resume Format - It merges elements of **both the reverse chronological and functional formats**. It highlights relevant skills and achievements at the top while also providing a chronological work history. \- Skills & Achievements Section: Focused on showcasing your expertise and accomplishments upfront, grouped by relevant areas or categories. \- Work Experience Section: Includes a reverse chronological listing of employment with key responsibilities and achievements. B. **HOW TO WRITE A RESUME?** - Stick to 1 page only (except for those who have decade of work experience) - Add Sections & Headings: 14-16, - Adjusted **Margin Ideal: 1/.5** - Font Style: Ubuntu, Roboto, Overpass (Avoid using New Roman/Arial "overused") - Font Size: **11-12** - **PDF Format (Fixed)** - Professional File Name (Name & Position your applying for) - Contact Information (**Most important part**) 1. Name 2. Email Address 3. Phone Number 4. Location - Countries that headshots are not accepted: US & UK TIPS: - **Head Line:** Include Summary (Introduce yourself) & Objective (What would you like to achieve?) - **AVOID:** Date of Birth - "Tailor" your resume to the Job - Include: - Languages (Multi-lingual) - Experiences: Hobbies & Interest (Projects, Extra-curricular Act.) - Achievements: Licenses (Awards, Internships) **LESSON 4: Hard/Macro Skills (Measurable Ability)** Oral Skills: (Receptive -\> "to acquire") - **Listening** - **Speaking** Literacy Skills: (Productive Skills) - **Writing** - **Reading** **2 Ways of Processing Information:** 1. Bottom-up Processing**:** understanding is built from sensory input. It starts with the raw data gathered from the environment, which is then processed to form a higher-level understanding. **Examples:** \- Reading words, phrases, sentences -\> entire text \- Small details -\> Bigger picture 2. Top-down Processing**:** understanding is influenced by prior knowledge, experiences, or expectations. It uses higher-level cognitive processes to interpret sensory information. **Examples: "**as a whole" \- Reading a sentence where letters are missing but still understanding the words. \- Recognizing a familiar face even in poor lighting conditions. **1^st^ Topic: LISTENING SKILLS** **3 Models of Listening:** 1. Active Listening "**most ideal**"- listen with interest and with minimal/brief feedback. 2. Passive Listening- you hear and understand the speaker but there's no engagement/feedback 3. Competitive Listening- formulating a "counter attack", the goal is to disagree like debate (but not all the time) **Key for Effective Listening:** 1. **Find areas of interest**: "choose to perceive it as interesting" (any kind of information that is being said). 2. **Judge content not delivery**: considering the context. 3. **Hold your fire**: comprehend first the whole information before making a judgement. 4. **Listen for ideas and not merely on fact** 5. **Be a flexible note taker** (for evidence representation) 6. **Work at listening and resist distraction.** 7. **Exercise your mind**: don't filter the material you listen to by choosing something above your level of understanding. 8. **Keep your mind open**: for your own growth. 9. **Thought is faster than speech so use it.** **2^nd^ Topic: SPEAKING SKILLS** **Speaking Considerations:** 1. Content 2. Vocabulary (to be more precise and clearer) 3. Information Structure (organization & **emphasis**) 4. Morpho-syntax (**grammatically correct**): refers to the combined study of morphology and syntax, focusing on how word forms (morphology) and sentence structure (syntax) work together to create meaning in language. It examines how grammatical structures are formed and used. **Ex.** He plays football (subject-verb agreement) 5. Pragma-linguistics: refers to the study of how linguistic resources (such as words, phrases, and grammar) are used to convey meaning in context, particularly in relation to pragmatic functions like politeness, requests, apologies, or suggestions. It focuses on the interplay between language form and social function. **Examples:** - Saying, "Could you possibly open the window?" to express politeness. - Choosing formal vs. informal language based on the social relationship, like addressing a boss versus a friend. **Characteristics of Spoken Language:** 1. Made up of incomplete sentences. 2. Uses fillers (avoid using too much) 3. Uses few passive languages. 4. Uses general vocabulary 5. Uses very little subordinate (independent clauses) 6. Uses repetition **Goal: Speaking Proficiency** 1. Oral Fluency (automaticity of oral production) 2. Comprehensibility (not too much hesitation/false start) 3. Accuracy (observe grammar & pronunciation)