Biology - Animal Systems Review Outline PDF

SBI3U Ms. Power UNIT REVIEW: Biology – Animal Systems Review Outline Topics t...

SBI3U Ms. Power UNIT REVIEW: Biology – Animal Systems Review Outline Topics to Review Macronutrients and Micronutrients Differentiate micro and macronutrients Calculate BMR for both males and females mummmmmmm Identify the monomers, bond types and dietary needs of carbohydrates, lipids Provide examples of where each nutrient can be found in food Digestive System Describe the function of the various organs that are apart of the digestive system and list them in order Identify the 4 stages of digestion Label the organs of the digestive system Identify all digestive enzymes, organs they originate from, and responsibilities Describe the importance of fibre and bacteria in the large intestine Differentiate constipation and diarrhea Differentiate digestive disorders including causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment as well as how an endoscope, CT scan, microscope and blood test are used during diagnosis Respiratory System Describe the function of blood and all of its components Differentiate systolic v.s diastolic pressure, lub v.s dub sounds and hypertension Describe the difference between the 3 types of blood vessels Label and identify the pathway of blood through the heart Describe the flow of blood through the pulmonary, systemic and coronary circuits Analyze lung capacity data to find, IRV,TV, VC, ERV or RV values Differentiate digestive disorders including causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment as well as how an CT scan, microscope, chest X-ray and spirometer are used during diagnosis Circulatory System Describe the function of blood and all of its components Differentiate systolic v.s diastolic pressure, lub v.s dub sounds and hypertension Describe the difference between the 3 types of blood vessels Label and identify the pathway of blood through the heart Describe the flow of blood through the pulmonary, systemic and coronary circuits Identify the pathway of an electrical impulse through the heart Differentiate circulatory disorders including causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment as well as how an CT scan, PET scan and ECG are used during diagnosis Page 1 of 9  SBI3U Ms. Power Words To Know Macronutrients Epiglottis Anus Total Lung Capacity Micronutrients Glottis Microscope EVALI Endothermic Esophagus Constipation Asthma Exothermic Stomach Diarrhea Tuberculosis BMR Peristalsis Peptic Ulcer Lung Cancer Carboxypeptidase and Erepsin I Gastroesophageal Sphincter All Structures of the Heart Innate vs Acquired Immune System Monosaccharide Chyme Crohn’s Disease X-ray Disaccharide Muscosa Diabetes Plasma Polysaccharide Submucosa Pulmonary and Leukocytes (Granular Systemic Circuits and Agranular) Glycosidic linkage Muscularis Endoscope Spirometer Lacteals and Serosa Bronchi and Platelets Lymphatic System Bronchioles Amino Acids Gastrin CT scan Erythrocytes Polypeptides Gastric Juices Pharynx Arteries and Arterioles Peptide Bonds Pepsinogen Larynx Veins and Venules Lipids Pepsin Oral and nasal cavity Capillaries Mechanical Carbaminohemoglo- Vasodilation and Systolic and Diastolic Digestion bin Vasoconstriction Pressure Ester linkage Jejunum Cilia Hypertension Glycerol Backbone Ileum Goblet Cells GERD Fatty Acid Chains Vili and Microvilli External Respiration Fibre Saturated Fat Proteins Internal Respiration Helibacter Pylori Unsaturated Fat Pyloric Sphincter Cellular Respiration Coronary Ciruit Vitamins Chyle Alveoli Myogenic muscle Minerals Pancreas Diaphragm Sinoatrial node Water Pancreatic Amylase Inhalation Atrioventricular node Metabolism Lipase Exhalation Bundle of his Catabolism Trypsin Hemoglobin Purkinje fibres Anabolism Carbohydrates Oxyhemoglobin ECG Ingestion Insulin Duodenum PET Digestion Bicarbonate Ions Pacemaker Atherosclerosis Absorption Livier Homeostasis Anemia Egestion Gallbladder Tidal Volume Polycythemia Triglycerides Bile Inspiratory Reserve Dehydration Chemical Digestion Large Intestine Expiratory Reserve Arrhythmia Mouth Cecum Vital Capacity Stroke Salivary Amylase Colon Vital Capacity Angioplasty Bolus Rectum Residual Volume Bypass Surgery Test Format Multiple Choice, Matchiing, Short Answers (labelling, interpreting, listing, reasoning). Page 2 of 9  SBI3U Ms. Power UNIT REVIEW: Biology – Genetic Processes Review Questions (N.B.: This is not an exhaustive list of possible questions. Be sure to review your notes, formatives, quizzes, labs, projects, and homework problems!) 1. List the function of each function of each macromolecule and examples of each Function Examples Carbohydrates provide materialto build cellmembranes provide quickenergy for cells to use atoes Proteins To build a repair muscles and bones chicken Helpin music movements Its Lipids storeenergy forcellsto use later insulate internalorgans Egg provides materialsto build cellmembrane 2. Complete the following chart in regards to macronutrients Monomer (what Polymer (many Enzymes that break them Type of Bond is it made out of) monomers together down and where it functions salviaryAnalyzefrommouth Carbohydrates glycosidic in Amalyzefrompancreaselocated simplesyars polysaccharides pancreatic Proteins amino acids polype polypeptides f Etsy it aiEerepsinfromnancuea released in duodenum lipaseproducedbypancreas Lipids fchainsfatty esther triglyceride releasedinduodenum 3. What are the 4 stages of digestion and importance of each 1 Ingestion takingin of food 2 Digestion Physical chemical Digestion 3 Absorption Absorption of nutrients into bloodstream 4 Egestion the removal of food through anus 4. Complete the following table Process Definition Part of digestive tracts where the process occurs Chemical afferent aman Einiiniii cateaieei Duodenum n n Digestion tryspinlipase act Mechanical MEinnaniiafiitisetffining.is anguerenage ismarangen this process occurs in the mouth 8 stomach Digestion Page 3 of 9  SBI3U Ms. Power 5. List the layers of the stomach and the importance of each 1 Mucosa responsible for producing enzymes into stomach siciiaismisiuiise e'sIonsnieFor 3serosa churningfood 4 smooth outerlayertoreducefriction 6. If chyme enters the esophagus, the individual will experience.. a. A condition called: Gasteroesophegal Disease reflux Heart Burn or GERD b. What symptoms will they experience? HeartBurn Regurgitation chest pain cough c. Why would tablets like tums (antacids) work to reduce symptoms? Antiacids like turns work because neutralize thestomach bases they by addingvarious 7. Name the sections of the small intestine. Briefly describe the digestive processes that occur in each section. It EEm.imiiEE i ii indigestion continues 8. How is the small intestine adapted to maximize absorption of nutrients ms Einbesostiioesttents usingthevilliwhich Ta On ice Este by the villithereare epitheialcells thathave microvilli 9. Gallstones often develop in the gallbladder when minerals in the bile form into small pebble-like structures. This often requires the removal of the gallbladder. a) What is the function of the gallbladder? The gallbladder stores bile used to emulsify Fats b) What might be the consequences of having your gallbladder removed? Instead of having it stored in the gallbladder the bile will just go into the small intestine 10. Explain the role of insulin and how it relates to Type I and Type II diabetes Insulin is produced by the pancreas and helps regulate blood allows glucoseintobody cells Insulinshots helpreduce bloodsugarandanewsugarinto.eu sugar Tc twhlnlints.tl ells destroy themselves part of genetics twh2tn ITgaose not produce enough or doesn't use insulin efficiently More common in people over 40 Page 4 of 9  SBI3U Ms. Power 11. Describe the digestion of a meal of chicken with olive oil, broccoli and rice as it moves through the digestive system, from the mouth to the large intestine. Describe the enzymes and the hormones used to digest each along with the pH’s they are active in. Fethango yge Physicallyturn thefoodand Chicken Mouth saliva coats the food which turns travels downesophagus stomach pepsinogen is converted to pepsin once the pH decreasesPepsinbreaks downprotiens mmmm ie ii iiiiiiie ii insane ii mins fatman kill.ttiEhhfteEfi's Olive Oil broken down byninewhichismechanically turnsall fat globules intosmaller Fatdroplets downfatsinto glycerol fatty Lipasebreaks acidchains Broccoli cellulose fibre helps backandkeepwater in largeintestine fortheremoval offeces Rice salivary amylase breaksdown starches in themouth Pancreaticamylasebreaks down carbohydrates in the duodenum 12. Label the following diagram of the stomach. Label Structure A Esophagus B Gastroesophageal sphincter C DuodenimppM D Pyloric sphincter E serosa F Mucosa submucosa Muscularis 13. List the 4 stages of respiration and why they are important 1 Breathing Air entering a exiting the lungs 2 External Respiration gasexchange between alveoli Bloodstream 3 Internal Respiration Gas exchange between bloodstream a rest ofbody 4 cellular Respiration converting oxygen sugars into Adenosine Triphosphate Page 5 of 9  SBI3U Ms. Power 14. Given the following values: Tidal volume =.5 L a) What is the expiratory b) What is the residual Inspiratory reserve volume = 2.7 L reserve volume? volume? Vital Capacity = 6 L Total Lung Capacity = 6.4L guitarcapacity y F.fitidalvolume É f't 15. What is the chemical reaction for cellular respiration and where does each chemical enter/exit the body? CattleOut602 6202 6H 0 Oaglucose Costic By food a Digestivesystem 02 oxygen ByBreathing Respiratorysystem CO2carbondioxide wasteproductfrom Respiratorysystem H2Owater Eitherused in body or removedbyurinary system 16. Describe how inhalation and exhalation is related to atmospheric pressure. Gases move from an area of high pressure to lowpressure Inhalation iswhenlungs have lower pressure than theatmospheresoair movesintothelungs Exhalation higher out of thelungs 17. Valves in the circulatory system prevent the backflow of blood. Complete the following table to summarize the function of the heart valve Valve Prevents backflow from: to: Tricuspid Right Atrium Right ventricle Pulmonary semilunar Right venticle pulmonary arteries Bicuspid Left Atrium left ventricle Aortic semilunar Left ventricle Aorta 18. Explain the role of homeostasis in maintaining blood pH is maintaining Balance Homeostasis Once blood pHdrops the brain increases breathing rate heart rate and volume of innatal this helps remove excess carbon dioxide and normalize blood pH 19. a) Draw a healthy patients hemicratic tube b) Draw a patient’s hematocrit tube who is (be sure to include labels) recovering from the flu (be sure to include labels) Plasma Esg Plasma Bpg leukocytes Re Leukocytes By erythrocytes Eg Erythrocytes Page 6 of 9 Healthy Recovering  SBI3U Ms. Power 20. In what three ways is carbon dioxide transported through the blood? Blood plasma carbaminohemoglobin carbon dioxidecombines with hemoglobin Form carbonicacid which turns into bicarbonateions Riftsyyityoggteri.is 21. In what two ways is oxygen transported through the blood? Blood Plasma Combines with hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin 22. Study the following data and answer the questions below: a) Which patient is likely suffering from anemia, explain your answer Patient 3 is likely suffering from anemia because of their low erythrocyte levels b) Which patient is likely fighting an infection? explain your answer Patient 2 is likely fighting an infection because of higher levels of leukocytes c) Which patient may have problems with extended bleeding even from small cuts? Explain your answer Patient 1 may have problems with extended bleeding from cuts because hav a low platelet count and platelets are responsible for clotting blood they 23. List the pathway of an electrical impulse through the heart sinoatrial node atrioventricularnote bundle of his purkinje fibres Page 7 of 9  SBI3U Ms. Power 24. Label the structures of the heart Label Structure A Superior Vena Cava B Right Atrium C Inferior vena cava D Right ventricle E Pulmonary Arteries F Pulmonary veins G Left Atrium H Left ventricle I Aorta J K Tricuspid valve Pulmonary Semiluminar value L Mitral valve M Aortic semilunar value 25. What is the importance of surface area in areas where a. the digestive and circulatory system meet (provide detail and use specific terminology) increase in surface area is seen inthe small intestinewith villi micro vini A bigger surface area allows for fasternutrient absorption b. the respiratory and circulatory system meet (provide detail and use specific terminology) In alveoli therate of gasexchange Increases 26. Answer the following in relation to Arrhythmia a. What is it? In.ttentwitooffwIIE.te yrtbeat b. What are 2 symptoms? Dizziness suddenweakness c. What are 2 causes Mentalstress Alcohol Abuse d. What medical device can be used to detect it ECG e. How is it treated? pacemaker Page 8 of 9  SBI3U Ms. Power 27. Compare and contrast the following terms Macronutrients Similar Micronutrients vital nutrientsneeded to support forhumanhealth less majoredEnunctiinge Etaflies engtggqntgneeagq.gg requirements entersystem through Digestion Neededin smallerquantities Both X-ray Similar CT Scan Highenergyelectromagnetic Bothuse high radiation in order iamsgpgiatettaspgfn.gg that provides to see inside thehuman at9 119 thytecggagtake images body Enoscope Similar Capsule Endoscope visualization orthe with is L Ilhan.citehsill1Ei jammed lame tn thatnis wagwed inside the digestive Both can be used for diagnosing d use I detect peptic ulcersor Iafee used to diagnosis chronsdisease GERD EVALI Similar Lung Cancer Tai.li.isdbhy'T.es ettesiniiilaping.istehaseare a type of lung IiiiirYcaci o Bothcanbe caused bysmoking ftp.t tfiig Innate Immune System Similar Acquired Immune System Cilia Similar Goblet Cells Page 9 of 9