PASS Session 1 (A) - Digestion and metabolism.docx

**[PASS Session 1 (A) (W2 Semester) -- *Digestion & Metabolism*]** **[Expectations:]** - **PASS is a relaxed environment. Feel free to bring coffee, lunch etc.** - **A PASS leader is not a tutor, although we are here to help you learn the content and understand key concepts.** - **...

**[PASS Session 1 (A) (W2 Semester) -- *Digestion & Metabolism*]** **[Expectations:]** - **PASS is a relaxed environment. Feel free to bring coffee, lunch etc.** - **A PASS leader is not a tutor, although we are here to help you learn the content and understand key concepts.** - **It is a judgement free environment. Remember there are no silly questions!** - **This worksheet is just a guide. We may not cover everything, but if anything, it will help to identify any knowledge gaps that we can address.** [ ] **[Contact:]** **Feel free to send me an email regarding any topics that you feel you need some extra help with. I will try to respond as quickly as possible.** **Please contact me on: [[Jack.Towsey\@newcastle.edu.au]](mailto:[email protected])** **[Learning Objectives:]** - Briefly describe the body\'s nutritional requirements that can be obtained from food - Identify the main organs of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and their major functions - List the accessory organs of digestion & describe their structure & functions as they relate to digestion & metabolism - Explain the function of smooth muscle in the walls of the GIT including the different types of motility this can achieve - Explain the role of the mouth and saliva in digestion - Briefly describe the process of swallowing and the role of the oesophagus - Describe the structure and digestive functions of the stomach - Describe the ways in which hormones and nervous system activities regulate the action of the GIT - Discuss the digestive functions of the small intestine and its secretions - Explain broadly how nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine - Describe the structure and functions of the large intestine - Differentiate between the functions of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas & explain the digestive actions of its exocrine secretions - List the principal digestive enzymes, their sites of action, how they are activated, their substrates and their products - Describe the sites of absorption of the main nutrient groups - Discuss general principles of metabolism, including anabolism, catabolism and metabolic rate - Compare and contrast the metabolic fate of the body's main energy sources (carbohydrate, protein and fat) - Explain the ways in which failure in the normal function of the GIT or accessory organs can affect digestion and metabolism - Describe obesity, the health risks produced by obesity, and the factors influencing the development of obesity, including the hormones involved in regulating satiety & feeding - Apply this knowledge to understanding of clinical scenarios and treatments 1. **Discuss what is meant by energy expenditure and the factors that influence this.** 2. **List and discuss each of the primary organs that comprise the gastrointestinal (GIT) system.** 3. **List and discuss the roles of the *accessory organs* within the GIT.** 4. **What are the two movements described when discussing the mixing and moving of gut contents?** 5. **What is bile essential for?** 6. **Where is bile made?** 7. **Once bile is made, where is it stored?** 8. **What is the substance found within gastric juice and is particularly important for the absorption of vitamin B12?** 9. **What is the first section of the small intestine called? (Begins with D).** 10. **What is the primary site of water absorption within the GIT?** 11. **On the image below, label the key areas of the GIT (including the contributions from accessory organs), and discuss their importance in the digestion and absorption of food ingested.** **(Second Image if needed for explanation).**  12. **What are the two hormones that act to inhibit activity within the stomach?** 13. **Within the intestinal mucosa, what are the nodules of lymphatic tissue that protect the GI tract from pathogens that escape the stomach?** 14. **List and discuss the [two] main types of metabolic reactions outlined in the lectures.** A. B.