Engineering Laws, Ethics, Contracts, Codes, Safety and Standard of Practice Part 1 PDF

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering An Autonomous University ENGINEERING LAWS, ETHICS, CONTRACTS, CODES, SAFETY AND STANDARD OF PRACTICE Part 1...

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering An Autonomous University ENGINEERING LAWS, ETHICS, CONTRACTS, CODES, SAFETY AND STANDARD OF PRACTICE Part 1 DR. GUILLERMO M. RAGO JR. University Professor V  Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City College of Engineering An Autonomous University Course Description This course deals with the study of engineering laws and legal procedures in the practice of engineering profession in the Philippines, Code of Ethics and Canons of Conduct for Engineers. It includes the relations of engineer with the state, the public, the clients, the employer, engineers and other professionals as well as the preparation and writing of technical specifications and the elements of Contracts and Obligations  PART 1 Definitions: From the American Bureau of Engineering and Technology(ABET) has defined: Engineering is the creative application of Scientific Principles to design or develop structure, machine apparatus or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or operate the same with full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their behavior or under specific operating conditions; all as aspects of an intended function, economics of operation and safety to life and property.  Engineering is the practice of using natural science, mathematics and the engineering design process increase efficiency and productivity and improve systems. Modern engineering comprises many subfields which include designing and improving infrastructure, machinery, vehicles, electronics, and energy systems. ENGINEERING It is the art and science of making the practical application of pure sciences such as physics, chemistry and mathematics to anything useful to man in structures, machines, electronics, computer and products. THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN OUR COUNTRY REQUIRES: 1. Appropriate formation of human values 2. Technology for preserving not only domestic but also international peace and tranquility 3. Utilization as an instrument for producing item of destruction as well as create other items useful to man, enabling him to attain a happier and fuller life. TO BE CALLED AN ENGINEER, ONE MUST HAVE APPROPRIATE VALUES SUCH AS: 1. Love of fellowmen and country 2. Dignity 3. Honesty 4. Honor 5. Respect of the Law, Industry & to others to properly guide an engineer in the quest for achieving a better and more perfect state of man. ENGINEERING AS A SCIENCE In the physical sciences like engineering, the study of theories and foundation of laws is a function quite different from the solution of specific problems. ENGINEERING IS A SCIENCE: a. When it strives to discover the laws that govern a phenomena in the physical world; b. When it formulates theories that help give explanation of a series of facts; c. Furthermore, if as a result of the investigation of a set of particular cases, it rises to formulate a generalization that may cover all other possible cases. ENGINEERING AS AN ART 1. One object of Engineering is to produce 2. It has to deal with a problem, that is the application of the technical know-how to a specific case 3. It begins to be an art as it moves from generalization towards specific method or procedure of performing certain activities.  Engineering Law is the study of how engineering ethics and legal frameworks are adopted to ensure public safety surrounding the practice of engineering. Engineering Law and Education covers: a. Engineering is a controlled activity through a specific engineering law. b. The practice of engineering is largely separated from that of unlicensed person or c. The law varies from one discipline to another but an engineer is likely to have to take legal responsibility for an engineering work. d. The immunity afforded to an unlicensed person whose work is reviewed and approved by a licensed professional engineer is absolute. e. Engineers are held to a specific legal standard for ethics and performance. f. The qualifications and experience of an engineer are regulated by an engineering board and are subject to disciplinary measures for professional misconduct or negligence such as fines or suspension of license.  Engineering Law covers a broad range of legal areas including but not limited to licensing, professional negligence, contract law, intellectual property rights and health and safety and environmental laws. Various Types of Engineering Laws: 1. Licensing Laws: law related to the licensing of engineers; 2. Professional Negligence Laws: law related to  4. Environmental Laws: law related to the environ- mental impact of engineering projects; 5. Intellectual Property Laws: law related to patents copyrights and trademarks in engineering. Essential Topics in Engineering Law: 1. Professional Practice Laws: concepts such as registration and license, due diligence, standard of care and duty of care; 2. Contract Law: how contracts govern professional relationships, roles, responsibilities and compen- sation; 3. Intellectual Property Law: understanding patents, trademarks, copyrights and how to protect engineering innovations;  4. Safety and Quality Assurance Regulations: mandated safety standards and processes for ensuring quality. Engineering Laws – Key Takeaways: 1. Engineering Law includes regulations established for engineers to navigate professional conduct, manage licensing, protect intellectual property rights and ensure ethical and sustainable engineering practices; 2. The adherence to engineering laws and regula- tions are crucial as they assist in ensuring projects meet quality standards, protect stake- holders from potential hazards and maintain the engineer’s professional regulation;  3. Practical application of engineering laws are indispensable in sectors like construction and design, safety and quality assurance, and intellectual property protection; 4. Engineering law encompasses a wide range of legal topics including professional practice laws contract law. Intellectual property law and safety and quality assurance regulations; 5. The study of engineering law provides engineers the legal knowledge to make informal THE ENGINEER QUALITIES OF AN ENGINEER 1. He is a person versed in the design, construction and use of structures, equipment, devices, electronics, computer, engines, or machines. 2. He is a professional trained in engineering 3. He is an innovator 4. He is likely to make changes or introduce new ideas, methods, devices or novelties owing to his training THE ENGINEER ENGINEERING PRACTITIONER (Practicing Engineer) 1. An engineer who for a fee, salary or other reward or compensation paid to him or another person or even without compensation, renders or offers to render professional engineering services, 2. A person duly licensed and registered in conformity with the appropriate law 3. A person legally allowed to use in connection with his name or otherwise use, assume or advertise any title tending to convey the impression that he is a practicing engineer. PRACTICE OF ENGINEERING The term “Practice of Engineering,” as used in this Act, shall mean any service or creative work requiring engineering education, training, and experience in the application of engineering principles and the interpretation of engineering data to engineering activities that potentially impact the health, safety, and welfare of the public. FORMS OF ENGINEERING SERVICES There are many forms or ways in which engineering services may be rendered 1. Consultation and Investigation 2. Valuation and Planning 3. Design and Preparation of specification of projects 4. Preparation of tenders and bids 5. Administration, supervision, construction, installation or alteration of engineering project, plant equipment or work 6. Manufacture, supply, sale and distribution of relevant equipment, devices and structures 7. Utilization of equipment requiring engineering calculation and application of engineering principles and data 8. Operation, tending and maintenance of computer, electronic devices, works, plant or equipment. 9. Preparation of Engineering and Technical Contracts CONSIDERATIONS IN ENGINEERING PRACTICE The practice of engineering involves the consideration of a number of things to ensure success in such undertaking. They are: 1. Load and stresses caused by the load - load on a machine part may act in several ways due to which internal stresses are set up. The load may be dead, moving or impact load which causes varying stresses on the structural member or part. 2. Motion of the parts - successful operation of a machine depends largely upon the simplest arrangement of the parts which will give the motion required 3. Selection of Materials - essential to the success of any project is the knowledge of the properties of the materials and their behavior under working conditions 4. Size and Form of Parts - size and form are based on good judgment 5. Frictional Resistance - There is always a loss of power due to resistance. It is therefore essential that careful attention must be given to the matter of lubrication of all surfaces which move in contact with others.  CONSIDERATIONS IN ENGINEERING PRACTICE 6. Convenience and Economical Features - economy of operation should be the basis for determining the level of production or load on any machine or equipment. As such, the machine’s design and other characteristics must be studied before it used. 7. Safety Operations - any moving part of the machine within the zone of a worker is an accident, hazard and may cause injury. It is necessary that such parts be guarded properly for the safety of the operator. 8. Standard Parts - the use of standard parts is closely related to cost, since they cost only a fraction of similar parts made to order. These parts should be used whenever possible, as they are easier to procure. 9. Workshop Facilities - an engineer should be familiar with the facilities available to him and its limitations to avoid unnecessary delays and inconvenience in having the work done in other workshops 10. Construction Cost - the high cost of a job or project immediately blocks it from further consideration. 11. Assembling - all machines and structures must be assembled as a unit before they can be used GUIDELINES FOR CASE ANALYSIS The case analysis should have the following components: A. SITUATIONER Background Problem Statement Problem Analysis B. ASSUMPTIONS C. ALTERNATIVES D. RECOMMENDATION E. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN The SITUATIONER should include: A brief summary of the company’s background, highlighting critical information leading to the analysis proper. The problem statement should include a definition of short-term (immediate), medium term and long-term concerns which the company should address. The problem analysis should include the identification of relevant problem areas and the interrelationship among them. This should help the group pinpoint root causes, and identify solutions that would systematically cover all problematic areas. ASSUMPTIONS Be careful not to make controversial assumptions which may later be questioned and which may eventually render your entire analysis invalid. Examples of assumptions are: Availability of financial resources Absence of treat from new industry entrants Pleasant labor – management relations Make sure that all assumptions made have some basis. In other words, justify your assumptions. ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION should identify each major concern. Although it is possible to later on recommend a comprehensive program to address the problems involved, specific solutions to specific issues are expected. This will help ensure that the analysis is not superficial. RECOMMENDATION The RECOMMENDATION includes the selected courses of action. Remember to go back to the problem statement to make sure that all issues have been addressed. Remember to also explain what you intend to do which the Cons associated with the selected alternatives. IMPLEMENTATION PLAN The IMPLEMENTATION PLAN is a detailed enumeration of activities that should be carried out in the process of implementing the recommendation. The time frame should be specified. The use of a Gantt Chart or PERT/CPM should help. Make sure that schedules are realistic. BRANCHES OF ENGINEERING ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING – The study of the generation, transmission, control and utilization of electrical and electromagnetic energy to provide the power for business and industry. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - The art and science of generating, transmitting and utilizing mechanical and heat power. It includes production of tools and machinery, their design, sales, management, operation, research and development. INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING - An area of engineering concerned with the planning, organizing, directing, monitoring and correction of the activities involved in the management, production and marketing of products of the industry. BRANCHES OF ENGINEERING CIVIL ENGINEERING – A branch of engineering dealing chiefly with the planning, design, installation and construction of horizontal and vertical structures including research. GEODETIC ENGINEERING - A branch of engineering that deals chiefly in the conduct of topographic and cadastral survey in accordance with the laws, rules & regulations pertaining to the survey of public and private lands. BRANCHES OF ENGINEERING ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING - It deals with the production, installation and operation of electronic and communication devices, instruments, apparatus and equipment. COMPUTER ENGINEERING – A degree program dealing with computer systems. It covers both software and hardware analysis, design, construction of electronic equipment and its peripherals.