Parenting Exam Review PDF

Parenting Exam Review How many weeks is a pregnancy? Pregnancy typically lasts about 38-42 weeks What do the XX and XY chromosomes mean? XX Chromosomes indicate a female and XY: Chromosomes indicate a male. How much milk should a pregnant woman drink? Pregnant women sho...

Parenting Exam Review How many weeks is a pregnancy? Pregnancy typically lasts about 38-42 weeks What do the XX and XY chromosomes mean? XX Chromosomes indicate a female and XY: Chromosomes indicate a male. How much milk should a pregnant woman drink? Pregnant women should drink around 3 cups of milk. How many chromosomes does a child with Down syndrome have? A child with Down syndrome has 47 chromosomes, an extra copy of chromosome 21. What happens during the embryo stage? The embryo stage is during weeks 5 to 12, and during this stage, the embryo goes through many changes such as the placenta and umbilical cord being formed, which is how the embryo gets food. During this stage, major organs such as the heart, lungs, brain, and liver start to develop. By the 8th week, the embryo is about 3 cm long and is considered a fetus. By the 12th week, the arms, legs, fingers, and facial fingers are made. How can parents help to promote emotional and physical development in an infant? Emotional Development ​ Respond to cries and needs quickly to build trust and security. ​ Show affection through cuddling, hugging, and soothing tones. ​ Use simple words to label emotions (e.g., happy, sad, excited). ​ Spend time talking, singing, and playing with the infant. ​ Build self-esteem by creating a loving and supportive environment. Physical Development ​ Provide tummy time to strengthen muscles. ​ Let the infant practice rolling, sitting, crawling, and standing. ​ Use toys like balls to encourage movement. ​ Offer toys they can grasp (e.g., rattles, blocks). ​ Let infants practice picking up small objects like cereal.  ​ Provide proper nutrition (breast milk/formula and age-appropriate solids). ​ Use sensory toys to stimulate curiosity and movement (textures, sounds, colors). How long does it take to deliver the placenta? The placenta is typically delivered 30 minutes after the baby is born. When introducing solid foods to an infant, what should parents keep in mind? Parents should start with foods that have nutrients and iron such as meats, and rice cereals. Parents should also introduce one food at a time to watch out for allergies. Parents also should make sure the food is soft and easy to swallow and they can make sure of this by pureeing foods or giving babies soft foods. What are some rewards and challenges of parenting? Some rewards can be emotional fulfillment, building family bonds, and watching your child grow and some challenges can be lack of sleep, financial issues, and balancing responsibilities. What prenatal advice would you give a friend who is pregnant? I would tell them to eat a balanced diet rich in nutrients, take prenatal vitamins with folic acid, avoid alcohol, smoking, and certain medications, and attend regular prenatal checkups. What solid foods can a six-month-old eat? A 6-month-old can eat pureed vegetables such as carrots, and peas, mashed fruits such as bananas and avocados, and iron-fortified cereals, What can parents do to make mealtime more fun and safer at the same time? Parents can use colorful plates and utensils. They can also turn meals into games like pretending the food is an airplane. They can also cut the food into different shapes. Parents should make sure their kid is safely secured into a high chair and avoid choking hazards like grapes, nuts, and just anything that's not soft food. What advice would you give a parent wanting to put their child in daycare? ​ Research the daycare’s reputation and certifications. ​ Visit the facility and meet the staff. ​ Ensure the daycare aligns with your parenting values. ​ Look for a safe and stimulating environment.  Why is play a child’s work? Play is essential for a child’s development as it helps them learn social, cognitive, and motor skills. DEFINITIONS 1.​ Genetic Disorder​ Definition: A condition caused by abnormalities in a person’s DNA (e.g., Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis).​ Significance: Understanding genetic disorders helps parents prepare for and address medical needs. 2.​ Discipline​ Definition: Methods used to teach and guide a child’s behavior, often focusing on positive reinforcement.​ Significance: Encourages good behavior and builds self-control. 3.​ Cognitive Development​ Definition: The process by which a child learns to think, reason, and understand the world.​ Significance: Supports problem-solving and intellectual growth. 4.​ SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome)​ Definition: The sudden, unexplained death of an infant under one year of age, often during sleep.​ Significance: Promoting safe sleep practices reduces the risk. 5.​ Sexually Healthy​ Definition: Being informed and responsible about sexual activity, including practicing consent and safe behaviors.​ Significance: Encourages respect and safety in relationships. 6.​ Prenatal Care​ Definition: Medical care received during pregnancy to ensure the health of the mother and baby.​ Significance: Reduces risks and ensures healthy development. 7.​ Maturity​ Definition: The ability to act responsibly and make thoughtful decisions, often developing with age and experience.​ Significance: Affects parenting ability and decision-making. 8.​ Parenting​ Definition: The act of raising and nurturing a child through guidance, support, and care.​ Significance: Ensures a child’s emotional, physical, and social growth. 9.​ Postpartum Depression​ Definition: A type of depression that affects some mothers after childbirth, characterized  by sadness and difficulty bonding with the baby.​ Significance: Early recognition and support are critical for recovery. 10.​Abstinence​ Definition: The choice to refrain from certain activities, often referring to refraining from sexual activity.​ Significance: Encourages safety and aligns with personal or cultural values.