Child Development PDF

Unit 1 · What are the changes that pregnancy has on family dynamics?Emotional shifts, role changes, financial planning, and adaptation to a new member. · What are the stages of prenatal development?Germinal (0-2 weeks), Embryonic (3-8 weeks), Fetal (9 weeks-birth). · What complications can occur...

Unit 1 · What are the changes that pregnancy has on family dynamics?Emotional shifts, role changes, financial planning, and adaptation to a new member. · What are the stages of prenatal development?Germinal (0-2 weeks), Embryonic (3-8 weeks), Fetal (9 weeks-birth). · What complications can occur during pregnancy?Miscarriage, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, preterm labor, or infections. · What are the signs of pregnancy?Missed period, nausea, fatigue, breast changes, frequent urination. · What are the stages of the labor and delivery process?.**Stage 1:** Early, active, and transition labor. **Stage 2:** Delivery of the baby. **Stage 3:** Delivery of the placenta. · What occurs in the different stages of the labor and delivery process?**Stage 1:** - - - **Stage 2:** - **Stage 3:** - · In what ways does nutrition impact mother and child during pregnancy?Supports fetal development (e.g., folic acid for neural tube development). Affects maternal health (e.g., preventing anemia) and postnatal recovery. · In what ways does nutrition during pregnancy affect mother and child after birth?Nutrition during pregnancy helps the mother recover faster and reduces postpartum complications. For the baby, it promotes healthy growth, a strong immune system, and better brain development. Unit 2 · What responsibilities do parents have?Providing safety, education, emotional support, and basic needs. · What are the three parenting styles Diana Baumrind identified?Authoritarian, Permissive, Authoritative. · How can each of the three parenting styles affect the growth and development of young children?Authoritarian: May lead to obedient but less happy children. Permissive: Can create impulsive children with poor discipline. Authoritative: Fosters independence and self-discipline. · How are Diana Baumrind\'s three styles of parenting similar and how are they different from one another?Similarities: All involve guidance. Differences: Vary in control, expectations, and responsiveness. · What are some of B.F. Skinner\'s theories about human behavior?Operant Conditioning: Positive/negative reinforcement shapes behavior. · How do B.F. Skinner\'s theories relate to guiding the behavior of children?**Positive Reinforcement:** Reward good behavior (e.g., praise for sharing). **Negative Reinforcement:** Remove something unpleasant to encourage behavior (e.g., stop nagging when chores are done). **Punishment:** Discourage bad behavior (e.g., no screen time for hitting). **Shaping:** Gradually reinforce steps toward a goal (e.g., reward trying vegetables, then eating · What are some effective methods for guiding positive behavior?Consistency, clear rules, positive reinforcement, and role modeling. Unit 3 · What are the developmental domains of infants and toddlers?Physical, cognitive, social-emotional, and language development. · What are the developmental milestones of infants and toddlers?First steps, first words, recognizing emotions, problem-solving. · How can heredity and environment influence development?Heredity provides genetic traits; the environment shapes behavior and opportunities. · What is the role of play in growth and development?Supports motor skills, social interaction, creativity, and problem-solving. · What are reasonable expectations for children?**Infants:** Basic needs and routines. **Toddlers:** Follow simple instructions, express needs. **Preschoolers:** Share, follow rules, start self-care. **School-Age:** Do chores, manage emotions, problem-solve. **Teens:** Handle hygiene, schoolwork, and decisions with guidance. · What are the developmental theories of Maria Montessori and Arnold Gesell?Montessori: Child-centered learning. - Unit 4 · What are the signs of childhood diseases/illnesses?Fever, rash, fatigue, cough, or appetite loss. · How are childhood diseases prevented and treated?Vaccinations, hygiene, early medical care. · What are some categories of child maltreatment?Physical, emotional, sexual abuse, and neglect. Signs: Unexplained injuries, behavioral changes, withdrawal. · What are some signs of child maltreatment?unexplained injuries, frequent bruises, or burns. Fearfulness, withdrawal, or sudden behavior changes. Poor hygiene, malnutrition, or inappropriate clothing. · What are some effects of child abuse and neglect?Emotional issues (anxiety, depression, low self-esteem). Developmental delays or academic struggles. Difficulty forming healthy relationships. · What are some ways to help children who have been abused?Provide therapy or counseling. Create a safe, stable environment. Report abuse to authorities for intervention. · What are some practices to help protect children from maltreatment?Educate about boundaries and safe adults. Monitor caregiving environments. Encourage open communication and trust. · What are some practices that improve children's physical, social, emotional, oral, and mental well-being?**Physical:** Balanced diet, regular exercise. **Social:** Encourage friendships and teamwork. **Emotional:** Teach coping skills, provide love and support. **Oral:** Regular dental care and hygiene habits. **Mental:** Promote learning, reduce stress, ensure a stable environment. Unit 5 · How are checklists for childcare centers used to evaluate quality of care?Checklists assess cleanliness, safety, teacher qualifications, and child engagement. · How do caregivers encourage wellness through appropriate health, hygiene, and safety practices? Handwashing routines, safe play areas, nutritious meals. · What are some common safety hazards in different childcare environments? Sharp objects, toxic substances, unsupervised activities. · What factors can contribute to maintaining safe and healthy school, work and community environments? Regular inspections, safety drills, clear policies. Unit 6 · Who was Urie Bronfenbrenner, and what were his ideas about how a child\'s community can affect overall development? Ecological systems theory: Development is influenced by interactions with family, school, and community. · What are examples of effective community-based resources and relationships that support the development of children? Libraries, childcare centers, support groups, healthcare services. · What is the role of support systems and resources?Provides stability, education, and assistance to families. · What are best practices for engaging/establishing relationships with the community? **Build Trust:** Be transparent, consistent, and show genuine care. **Communicate Effectively:** Use clear, open, and inclusive communication. **Collaborate:** Partner with local organizations and involve community members. **Be Accessible:** Offer opportunities for involvement and listen to feedback. **Support Diversity:** Respect cultural differences and create inclusive spaces. **Contribute Value:** Provide resources, programs, or services that meet community needs. Unit 7 · How can a job seeker compare several potential employment opportunities for personal career goals (duties/responsibilities, work environment, the education/training required to achieve the career, etc.)? Analyze duties, work environment, required education, salary, and growth potential. · How can a job seeker investigate laws and regulations pertaining to career goals? Research industry-specific laws (e.g., licensing or certifications). Consult government websites or legal resources. Attend workshops, seminars, or talk to professionals in the field. · How do employability skills, professionalism, and work ethics affect career success?**Employability Skills:** Communication, problem-solving, and teamwork enhance job performance. **Professionalism:** Builds respect and trust with colleagues and clients. **Work Ethics:** Reliability and integrity lead to career growth and opportunities. · How can I exhibit leadership skills and abilities that are useful in different settings (student and professional organizations)? **Student Organizations:** Lead projects, mentor peers, and organize events. **Professional Settings:** Take initiative, foster collaboration, and model ethical behavior. **Everyday Life:** Show adaptability, problem-solving, and decision-making skills.