Pregnancy and Infant Development Quiz

Pregnancy

• Pregnancy typically lasts 38-42 weeks.
• XX chromosomes indicate a female, XY chromosomes indicate a male.
• Pregnant women should drink about 3 cups of milk.

Down Syndrome

• A child with Down syndrome has 47 chromosomes, with an extra copy of chromosome 21.

Embryo Stage

• The embryo stage occurs from weeks 5-12.
• During this stage, the embryo develops the placenta and umbilical cord.
• Major organs like the heart, lungs, brain, and liver begin to develop.
• By week 8, the embryo is 3cm long and considered a fetus.
• By week 12, arms, legs, fingers, and facial features are formed.

Infant Development (Emotional)

• Respond quickly to cries and needs to build trust.
• Show affection through cuddling, hugging, and soothing tones.
• Use simple words for emotions (e.g., happy, sad, excited).
• Spend time talking, singing, and playing to build self-esteem.
• Create a loving and supportive environment.

Infant Development (Physical)

• Provide tummy time to strengthen muscles.
• Let infants practice rolling, sitting, crawling, and standing.
• Use toys like balls to encourage movement.
• Offer toys infants can grasp (e.g., rattles, blocks).
• Let infants practice picking up small objects.

Introducing Solid Foods

• Start with nutrient-rich foods with iron (e.g., meats, rice cereals).
• Introduce one food at a time to watch for allergies.
• Ensure the food is soft and easy to swallow (puree if needed).

Parenting Challenges & Rewards

• Challenges include lack of sleep, financial issues, and balancing responsibilities.
• Rewards include emotional fulfillment, building family bonds, and watching children grow.

Prenatal Advice

• Eat a balanced diet rich in nutrients.
• Take prenatal vitamins (with folic acid).
• Avoid alcohol, smoking, and certain medications.
• Attend regular prenatal checkups.

Foods for Six-Month-Olds

• Pureed vegetables (carrots, peas).
• Mashed fruit (bananas, avocados).
• Iron-fortified cereals.

Mealtime Fun & Safety

• Use colorful plates and utensils.
• Turn meals into games (pretend food is an airplane).
• Cut food into shapes to make mealtimes more engaging.
• Ensure safe food preparation (avoid choking hazards such as grapes, nuts, and hard foods).

Daycare Advice

• Research daycare reputation and certifications.
• Visit the facility to meet staff.
• Ensure the daycare aligns with parenting values.
• Look for a safe and stimulating environment.

Definitions (From Later Pages)

• Genetic Disorder: A condition caused by DNA abnormalities (e.g., Down syndrome).
• Discipline: Methods to guide child behavior, often focusing on positive reinforcement.
• Cognitive Development: The process of learning to think, reason, and understand.
• SIDS: Sudden infant death syndrome.
• Sexually Healthy: Being informed and responsible about sexual activity.
• Prenatal Care: Medical care during pregnancy.
• Maturity: The ability to act responsibly and make thoughtful decisions.
• Parenting: Raising and nurturing a child.
• Postpartum Depression: Depression after childbirth.
• Abstinence: Choosing to refrain from certain activities, often referring to sexual activity.
• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: A theory of human motivation with five levels, starting with basic needs (physiological) and progressing to self-actualization.