Padhle 10th Social Science - Manufacturing Industries PDF

www.padhle.in @padhle.in Manufacturing Industries CH 6 Geography | Class 10 Hand Written Notes www.padhle.in @padhle.in adhle.in Thank you for using www.padhle.in....

www.padhle.in @padhle.in Manufacturing Industries CH 6 Geography | Class 10 Hand Written Notes www.padhle.in @padhle.in adhle.in Thank you for using www.padhle.in. We here at Padhle, make sure that every piece of material reaches you without diving deep into the tabs of your browser. These notes have been downloaded without compulsorily signing up, or submitting your personal details. Enjoy yourselves! To help us in maintainig this, you can contribute to Padhle. Even a small amount can do wonders. Contribute to UPI ID - padhle@paytm www.padhle.in @padhle.in adhle.in You can contribute a little to our efforts. Even a small amount can do wonders. Scan the Code in any UPI App OR Contribute to UPI ID - padhle@paytm Now... Padhle!  MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Manufacturing 4 Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing. It mainly involves secondary sector. A Economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries. * Manufacturing industries are called backbone of development because : helps in modernising agriculture → → helps in eradication of unemployment and poverty → export of manufactured goods expand trade and commence. * Industries and agriculture : → They move on hand in hand → Industries enhances agriculture. e.ge fertilisers irrigation , pumps industries are important for agriculture. → Raw material for industries comes from agriculture. * Contribution of Industry in National economy : → Manufacturing sector has a share of 977. in GDP → It is much lower than some East Asian economies : → National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council (NMCC) has been setup by government to improve productivity of manufacturing industries. Factors * deciding ideal location of an Industry : ] i Cost of obtaining raw materials at site. it cost of production at site. iii Decision of locating factory at site. it cost of distribution of production. * Industries tend to come together to make use of advantages offered by urban centres known as agglomeration economics.  Classification of Industria Based on On basis Based on capital Based on source of of main investment Ownership raw material role Public Private Joint Cooperative Small Large Sector Sector sector Sector Agro Mineral Basic or Consumer Scale Scale BHEL Tesco OIL e. g. Sugar Industry (govt) (private)(private) based based key industry industry Industries Industries. govt. in Maharashtra , iron fans with investment with investment 0%9.mg#nroTht'emieals e. e. g. cotton , e. g. , g. , Argue steel , copper sugar (directly upto 9C " more than (group of people tea silk ( , raw material used by 9 Cr. owns the for other consumers ) industry ) industries ) Based on bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods Heavy Light industries industries e. g. iron , e. g. electrical steel industries * Agro based Industries : 9) Textile Industry : 947 of. the country 's employment generation. It contributes significantly in foreign exchange earning and 4% towards GDP. It is self reliant industry ⑨ Cotton Textile : First mill was established in 9854 , Mumbai. There are about 9946 cotton mills India in. In early years the , cotton mills were concentrated in Maharashtra and Gujarat due to availability of raw material , market , transport , labours etc. This also employment industry generates for farmers. It also supports other industries like chemicals and dyes mill etc. The hand large Khadi provides scale employment to weaves spun. * Trade of Cotton : a. India exports yarn to Japan. b. Other cotton goods are exported to USA , UK , Russia , France etc. c. India has 2nd largest capacity of handlooms. d. We have largest share in the world trade of cotton yarn. * Challenges faced by cotton textile Industries : a) Our spinning mills are not of global level. b) We export more of our good quality and weaves gets the low quality yarn yarn. c) Most of the production is in fragmented small units , which cater to local market. * Why we need to import fabrics ! ↳ Because in our country there is : → Less output of labours → Irregular power supply → Outdated machinery → High competition with synthetic fibre industries. b) Jute : First mill was established at Mishra in 9859. India is largest producer of raw jute and jute goods. Jute mills are located in West Bengal mainly , along banks of river tlugli. India is the 2nd largest exporter. * Factors responsible for location in tlugli basin are : a) Proximity of Jute producing areas. b) Inexpensive transport good network of water , railways. c) Cheap labour from West Bengal Bihar etc ,. d) Abundant water for processing raw jute. * Challenges faced by the industry : a. Stiff competition in the international market from synthetic products. b. Also faces competition from Bangladesh Brazil , , Thailand etc. * National Jute policy , 2005 4 Objectives are : → Increasing productivity of Jute. → Improving quality of Tate. → Ensuring good prices to jute farmers. c) Sugar Industry → India is the second largest producer of sugar. → It is the largest producer of gur and khandsani. → Sugar mills are in Maharashtra , Madhya Pradesh , Uttar Pradesh , Tamil Nadu Bihar ,. → This industry is seasonal in nature. A Major challenges are : ⑨ Industry is seasonal in nature. b) The method of production is old. c) Delay in reaching canes to factories 2) Mineral Based Industries : a) Iron and steel Industry : They are basic and heavy industry. D Steel is required to manufacture variety of goods. 4 Production and consumption of steel is often regarded as the index of country 's development. 4 Most of the public sector undertakings market their steel through SAIL. 4 More concentration of iron and steel industries are in Chota Nagpur region. * India 's position on iron and steel production : → India ranks 4th world crude steel producers among. → Largest producers of sponge iron. * Iron industries are not performing to full potential because : ⑨ High cost and limited availability of cooking coal. b) Lower productivity of labour. c) Irregular supply of energy. d) Poor infrastructure. b) Aluminium Smelting : It is the 2nd most important metallurgical industry in India. It is light weight resistant to corrosion malleable good heat conductor. , , , Also used in aircraft , utensils and wires. Good substitute for steel. Its Odisha West Uttar Pradesh plants are in Bengal Kerala. , , , 3) Chemical Industries : The contribution in GDP is 3%. It ranks 3rd largest in Asia and 921in in the world in terms of size. Comprises of both large and small scale industries. ← Inorganic chemicals are sulphuric acid soda ash caustic soda , ,. Organic chemicals are petrochemicals which are used to manufacture synthetic fibre. The chemical industry is its own largest consumer. 4) Fertiliser Industries : → These industries mainly produce nitrogenous fertilisers. → India is 3rd largest producer of nitrogenous fertilisers. → These industries are in States like → Gujarat , Tamil Nadu , Punjab , Uttar Pradesh. 5) Cement Industry : This industry is essential for construction activities. 4 It requires bulky and heavy raw materials. 4 Plants are mainly located in Gujarat. I first cement plant was setup in Chennai in 9904. 4 The doing terms industry is well in of production as well as export. 6) Automobile Industry : This industry provide vehicle for quick transport. The rapid growth in the industry was seen after liberalisation. This Mumbai , Pune industry is located at various places like Delhi Gurgaon Chennai. , , , * IT and electronics Industries : → Industries cover wide of products from radio to television ranges. 30% this of people employed in sector → are women. → Electronics capital of India is Banglore. → Other centers are Mumbai , Delhi , Pune , Chennai. → This industry is growing at good rate. * Industrial pollution and environmental degradation : These industries increase land water degradation pollution air noise and results in on , , , of environment. Types of Pollution Air Water Thermal Noise → Due to presence of → Caused by organic → It occurs when → This caused due high proportion of and inorganic industrial hot water from due to industries undesirable gas. waste and affluent factories and thermal and construction ( Sulphur dioxide discharged into river plants are dried into activities. and carbon by paper pulp , , rivers and ponds monoxide ) chemical textile etc ,. before cooling. * Steps to control environmental degradation : 1) Minimising use of water for processing by reusing and recycling. Treating hot water before releasing them to rivers. ) Harvesting iii of rainwater to meet water requirearts. in) Smoke can be reduced by using oil in place of coal.  1 Mark Questions 1. What is manufacturing? To which sector of economy does it belong? [1M, 2016] A1. Production of goods in large quantities after processing from. raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing. 2. “The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries”. Support the statement with arguments. [1M, 2016] A2. Manufacturing belongs to secondary sector in which the. primary materials are processed and converted into finished. goods. The economic strength of a country is measured by. the development of manufacturing industries. 3. Why are sugar mills concentrated in sugarcane producing areas? [1M, 2016] A3. Reasons for location of sugar mills close to the fields: The raw material used, (i.e.,) sugarcane is bulky and perishable. It cannot be transported to long distances because its sucrose content dries up fast, so it should be processed within 24 hours of its harvest. 4. Write the contribution and present growth rate of manufacturing sector in national economy. Suggest measures to increase the industrial growth rate. [1M, 2011] A4. The share of manufacturing sector has stagnated at 17% of. GDP. The trend of growth rate over the last decade has been. around 7% per annum. Since 2003, it has shown an increased. growth rate of 9-10% per annum. The desired growth rate. over the next decade is 12%. To attain this target, following. steps can be taken: Appropriate policy interventions by the government. Renewed efforts by the industries to improve productivity.  3 Mark Questions 5. Analyse the role of the manufacturing sector in the economic development of India. [3M, 2017] A5. Creation of alternative employment: Manufacturing reduces dependence on agriculture by providing alternative employment opportunities in the factory. Better standard of living: The industrial labourers and other employees get higher wages and enjoy a higher standard of living compared to landless agricultural labourers. Support to agricultural production: Increase in use of fertilizers, pesticides, plastics, electricity and diesel in agriculture has been possible due to the growth and competitiveness of the manufacturing industries. 6. Classify industries on the basis of capital investment. How are they different from one another? Explain with examples. [3M, 2016] A6. On the basis of capital investment industries can be classified , as:  Small-scale industry Large-scale industry Difference: If the investment is more than one crore rupees in any industry, it is considered as a large scale industry. For example, Iron and Steel industry, Cement industry. If the investment is less than one crore rupees in any industry, it is considered as a small scale industry. For example, Plastic industry, Toy industry. 7. Classify industries on the basis of source of raw material. How are they different from each other? [3M, 2016] A7. On the basis of sources of raw material industries are. classified as: (i) Agro based industries; (ii) Mineral based industries Difference between Agro-based industries and Mineral-based. industries 8. What are the major challenges faced by sugar industry? [3M, 2016] A8. Challenges faced by the sugar industry: 1. Seasonal nature of the industry. 2. Old and inefficient methods of production. 3. Delays in transportation of cane to the factories. 4. The need to maximise the use of baggase. 9. What problems does the iron and steel industry in India face?  [3M, 2013] A9. In spite of being an important producer of iron and steel, India. has not been able to exploit her complete potential, because of: 1. High cost of production and limited availability of coking coal. 2. Lower productivity of labour. 3. Irregular supply of energy. 4. Poor infrastructure 5 Mark Questions 10. Why are maximum Jute textile mills located in the Hugli Basin? [5M, 2019] A10. Location of Jute industries in Hugli basin: i. Proximity of jute producing areas. ii. Inexpensive water transport. iii. Good network of roadways, railways and waterways iv. Abundant water for processing raw jute v. Cheap labour from West Bengal and adjoining states 11. ‘Public sector contributes to the economic development of India.’ Justify the statement. [5M, 2020] A11. (i) It promotes rapid economic development through creation and expansion of infrastructure. (ii) It creates employment opportunities. (iii) It generates financial resources for development. (iv) It is ensuring equality of income, wealth and thus, a balanced regional development. (v) It encourages development of small, medium and cottage industries. 12. Analyse the role of chemical industries in the Indian economy. [5M, 2017] A12.  The chemical industry in India is diversifying and growing fast. It contributes approximately percent to 3% of GDP. It is the third-largest in Asia and occupies twelfth plate in the world in terms of its size. It comprises both large and small scale manufacturing units. Rapid growth has been recorded in both inorganic and organic sectors. Inorganic chemicals include sulphuric acid, nitric acid, alkalies, soda ash and caustic soda. These industries are widely spread over the country. Organic chemicals include petrochemicals, which are used for manufacturing of synthetic fibres, synthetic rubber, plastics, dye-stuffs, drugs and pharmaceuticals. Organic chemical plants are located near oil refineries and petrochemical plants. The chemical industry has its own largest consumers. Basic chemicals undergo processing for the further production of other chemicals that are used for industrial application, agriculture or directly for consumer markets. 13. The textile industry is the only industry which is self reliant and complete in the value-chain? Justify this statement? [5M, 2019] A13. The Textile industry occupies a unique position in the Indian. Economy because: 1. It contributes significantly to industrial production (14%). 2. It employs largest number of people after agriculture, i.e. 35 million persons directly.  3. Its share in the foreign exchange earnings is significant at about 24.6%. 4. It contributes 4% towards GDP. 5. It is the only industry in the country which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain, i.e., from raw material to the highest value-added products. 14. Write the importance of ‘manufacturing sector’ for our nation. [5M, 2015] A14. Importance of manufacturing industries for India: 1. It helps in modernizing agriculture, which is the base of our economy. 2. It reduces heavy dependence on agricultural income by providing jobs in non-agricultural sectors. 3. Industrial development is necessary for eradication of poverty and unemployment because people get jobs and generate more income. 4. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and brings in much needed foreign exchange. 5. Industries bring riches faster to a nation because manufacturing changes raw materials into finished goods of a higher value, so industrial development brings prosperity to the country. 15. Explain with examples how industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture. [5M, 2015] A15. Agriculture and industry in India are inseparable or. interdependent on each other: 1. Agro-industries in India have boosted agriculture by raising its productivity. 2. Industries depend on agriculture for their raw materials, e.g. cotton textile industry. 3. Industries provide many agricultural inputs like irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, PVC pipes, machines and tools etc. to the farmers. 4. Manufacturing industries have assisted agriculturists to increase their production and also made the production processes very efficient. 5. Development of different modes of transport by industrial sector has not only helped farmers to obtain agricultural inputs but has also helped them trade their products. 16. List the major factors which affect the location of an industry at a place. What is the key to the decision of ‘factory location’?  [5M, 2015] A16. 1. Raw material :-Cheap and abundant availability of raw material. Industries which use heavy and perishable raw material have to be located close to the source of raw material. 2. Labour :- Availability of cheap labour is necessary for keeping the cost of production low. 3. Power :- Cheap and continuous supply of power is extremely necessary for continuity in the production process. 4. Capital :- It is necessary for developing infrastructure, for the entire manufacturing process and for meeting manufacturing expenditure. 5. Banking and insurance facilities :- favourable government policies are other factors which affect location of an industry. The ‘key’ to the decision of a factory location is least cost so that the venture is profitable. 17. List factors which favoured the location and concentration of cotton textile industry in Maharashtra. [5M, 2015] A17. 1. Availability of raw cotton was abundant and cheap because these are the traditional cotton growing States. 2. Moist climate in these coastal States also helped in the development of cotton textile industry because humid  conditions are required for weaving the cloth, else the yarn breaks. 3. Well developed transportation system and accessible port facilities in Maharashtra and Gujarat led to their concentration there. 4. Proximity to the market is yet another factor as cotton clothes are ideal and comfortable to wear in these warm and humid States. 5. Cheap labour was abundantly available. 18. Why are most of the iron and steel industries concentrated in and around Chotanagpur Plateau Region? Give reasons. [5M, 2014] A18. 1. Low cost of iron-ore which is mined here. 2. High grade raw materials in close proximity. 3. Availability of cheap labour. 4. Vast growth potential in the home market. 5. Efficient transport network for their distribution to the markets and consumers. 19. Suggest measures to control water pollution caused by. industries. [5M, 2013] A19. 1. Minimising the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages. 2. Harvesting of rain-water to meet water requirements of industries and other domestic purposes. 3. Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds in the following ways: o Primary treatment by mechanical means such as screening, grinding, flocculation and sedimentation. o Secondary treatment by biological process. o Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical processes. This involves recycling of waste water. 20. How do industries pollute environment? Explain with five examples. [5M, 2013] A20. The five types of industrial pollution are: 1. Air pollution :- Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants, and burning of fossil fuels in factories that ignore pollution norms.  Air-borne particulate materials contain both solid and liquid particles like dust, sprays, mist and smoke. 2. Water pollution :- Major water pollutants are dyes, detergents, acids and salts. Heavy metals like lead and mercury, pesticides and fertilizers and synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber etc. discharged in the water bodies without treatment pollute these water bodies. 3. Noise pollution :- The generators, compressors, machines, furnaces, looms, exhaust fans, etc. used by industries create a lot of noise. Noise can raise blood pressure and can have physiological effects as well. 4. Land pollution :- Land and water pollution are closely related. Dumping of industrial wastes especially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packing, salts and garbage renders the soil useless. 5. Thermal pollution :- Wastes from nuclear power plants, nuclear and weapon production facilities cause cancer and birth defects.