Chapter 1: Particles and their Behaviour PDF

Chapter 1: Particles and their behaviour C1 Chapter 1: Particles and their behaviour Knowledge Knowledge organiser organiser particles gai...

Chapter 1: Particles and their behaviour C1 Chapter 1: Particles and their behaviour Knowledge Knowledge organiser organiser particles gain particles particles lose their particles gain particles particles pull changes of state energy from the vibrate faster place in the pattern more energy from move faster completely away surroundings the surroundings from each other melting boiling / evaporation state of matter solid liquid gas how do the particles do not move around, particles are touching but can slide particles are spread out far away from particles move? but vibrate on the spot over each other each other arrangement of particles can it be no, because there is no space no, because the particles are touching yes, because there is space between compressed? between the particles their neighbours the particles no, because the particles can’t yes, because the particles can slide yes, because the particles can can it flow? move around over each other and move around move around freezing condensation particles take a particles particles lose particles come particles particles lose changes of state fixed place in a move even more energy to close together move slower energy to the pattern slower the surroundings surroundings Sublimation Diffusion Some substances do not exist as liquids, but instead Particles move about randomly in liquids and gases and spread out through mixtures. This directly change state from solid to gas in a process process is called diffusion. How quickly diffusion happens depends upon three variables: called sublimation. Variable Effect on diffusion diffusion is faster at higher temperatures because particles move faster temperature Melting and boiling points when hotter Melting point — the temperature at which a particle size diffusion is slower with larger, heavier particles substance melts diffusion is: fast in gases slow in liquids state of matter Boiling point — the temperature at which a doesn’t happen in solids substance boils If you heat a solid and plot a graph of temperature against time the melting point will appear as a flat line Gas pressure if the substance is pure (has only one type of particle). Density Density tells us how heavy something is for its size. You can calculate density using the formula: density = mass / volume 90 Mass is the amount of ‘stuff’ an object is made of, measured in grams or kilograms. 80 melting point Volume is the amount of space an object takes up, measured in cm3. Temperature (°C) 70 60 Density of a substance depends on: 50 - the mass of the particles 40 - how closely together the particles are arranged. 30 A substance is most dense as a solid, as the particles are closely packed together, and least 20 dense as a gas, as the particles are spread far apart. 10 Particle model and properties 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The properties of a substance depend on: Time (min) 1 the shape and size of its particles 2 the arrangement of its particles 3 how its particles move 4 how strong the forces between its particles are. Key words Make sure you can write a definition for these key terms. boiling boiling point change of state condensation diffusion evaporation freezing gas liquid melting mixture particle solid state of matter sublimation substance