Phases of Matter PDF
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This document explains the four phases of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. It details the properties of each phase, such as volume, shape, and particle movement, and also elaborates on the forces between atoms and molecules and their implications in each phase.
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Phases of Matter Phases of Matter ✔ Solid ✔ Liquid ✔ Gas ✔ Plasma SOLID State - Have definite volume and shape. - The strong attractive forces between atoms and molecules allows solids to resists changes in shape and volume. - The strong attractive forces orient the atoms in...
Phases of Matter Phases of Matter ✔ Solid ✔ Liquid ✔ Gas ✔ Plasma SOLID State - Have definite volume and shape. - The strong attractive forces between atoms and molecules allows solids to resists changes in shape and volume. - The strong attractive forces orient the atoms in one direction/not freely movable and allow the particles to vibrate and produce sounds. - the molecules/ atoms/ particles are closely packed and are being held together by very strong forces GAS State - have no definite shape or volume - they take up the shape of their container, and their volume depends on the changes of the temperature and pressure. if the pressure inside the container increases/high the volume of the gas molecules can be compressed, if the temperature increases the volume of the gas molecules will expands. - the molecules in à gas move freely, offering no resistance to changes in shape and volume. - Due to the very weak force of attraction, the molecules of a gaseous substance are much farther away from each other and are free to move in all possible directions. LIQUID State - Have definite volume but take up the shape of their container. - the attractive forces between atoms and molecules of liquids are weaker, but sufficient enough to allow liquids to retain their definite volume. - the molecules in liquids are less densely condensed and free to move. - Isaac Newton described the properties of ideal liquid, an ideal liquid is one that could remain viscous no matter the shear stress applied to it, these liquids are known as NEWTONIAN FLUIDS. - Thick liquids are called THIXOTROPIC, thixotropes are very thick liquids that act like solids such that they resists flowing, but when agitated, they are able to flow like liquids. PLASMA State - the fourth state of matter and is the most common form of matter in the universe. - it has no definite shape and volume. - it is a collection of gaseous particles - this exists at extremely high temperature (greater than 100, 0000C) - British Physicist Sir William Crookes identified the fourth state of matter in 1879 as radiant matter. - the term plasma was first used by American chemist and physicist Irving Langmuir in 1929.
