Pharmacy Orientation PDF

Pharmacy Orientation (An Introductory course for Level 1 Pharmacy Students) Presented by: Dr. Salma M. Abdel-Hafez Prepared by: Dr. Mina Mehanny Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Ph...

Pharmacy Orientation (An Introductory course for Level 1 Pharmacy Students) Presented by: Dr. Salma M. Abdel-Hafez Prepared by: Dr. Mina Mehanny Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University 1 Lecture 6: The Pharmacist and the Pharmacy Careers Role of the Pharmacists The Pharmacist and the Pharmacy Careers Pharmacist must conceive knowledge that improve health services, through the Pharmaceutical Care (PC) which is a necessary element for the Total Health Care (THC) Physicians carry out Medical Care (MC) Pharmacist carry out Pharmaceutical Care (PC) Pharmaceutical Care (PC) : “Can be defined as Responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of improving patient’s quality of life “ Medicaments: Agent used in the prevention, control and treatment of a disease (PCT) Pharmacist: A highly qualified person whose profession is pharmacy (practicing Pharmacy ) and may be : 1. Community Pharmacist 2. Hospital Pharmacist (Clinical Pharmacist) 3. Manufacturing Pharmacist 4. Quality control Pharmacist Industry 5. Research & Development Pharmacist 6. Governmental Pharmacist 7. Marketing Pharmacist 8. Academic Pharmacist Pharmacist Careers : I- Community Pharmacist: Dispensing of Prescriptions (to Give Drugs According to Prescription ). In an independent or chain pharmacy that dispenses prescription medications to outpatients The Role Of Community Pharmacist include: 1. Review prescriptions for the following reasons: A. Possible Unaccepted indications B. Possible drug – drug interactions (Tetracycline with Calcium) C. Possible drug – food interactions (Tetracycline with Milk) D. Possible drug – smoking interactions E. Possible contraindications (Voltaren/Diclofenac with Peptic Ulcer) F. Possible teratogenic drugs (Dangerous for fetus) Amino glycosides G. Possible danger for babies during breast feeding ( Hormones in oral contraceptive) H. Possibility of dose errors (high or Low dose)  The Role of Community Pharmacist: 2. Suggest Alternatives on scientific background Standard (Reference) Product is the most effective product as Lanoxin® for digoxin, Augmentin® for Amoxicillin-clavulinic acid If the standard product is not available, the pharmacist must select an alternative which must be bioequivalent. Bioequivalent = dosage forms that give similar concentration in blood to the standard product  The Role of Community Pharmacist: 3. Improve adherence or compliance: The proper use of medications according to the regulations given by the prescribed drug Examples as: Changing the dose by increase or decrease Change frequency (every 6 Hours to every 8 hours) Earlier stop of drugs (change duration of action) (use antibiotic for 1-3 days instead of 5-7 days). 4. Preparation of certain drug products  The Role of Community Pharmacist: 5. Patient Consultant for: A. Selection over the counter (OTC) as anti-acids and anti- cough drugs and for diarrhea, constipation … etc B. Selection of drug Products: ( Effectiveness, Price, needs of patients) C. Good storage condition: (antibiotics, vaccines and suppositories) e.g. put the antibiotic suspension in the refrigerator after reconstituting it. D. Refill (repeat the prescription for diabetes, hypertension etc…)  The Role of Community Pharmacist: 6. Arrangement of drug Product According to: a. Manufacturing company b. Pharmacological groups c. Alphabetical 7. Computerization 11 II- Hospital Pharmacist (HP): This is the pharmacist working in hospital, including army, police , company … etc, HP activities include the following : A. Administration (Staff advice-supervision) B. Dispensing pharmacist C. Unit Dose preparation and Storage of Drugs Unit Dose System: The dispensing of each dose (doses) in a special box for in-patient ( Patient will receive at proper time a box containing one tablet , one capsule … etc)  II- Hospital Pharmacist (HP): Clinical Pharmacists: (relating to the observation and treatment of patients rather than theoritical or laboratory studies) Provide medical staff (doctors and nurses) with information regarding drug doses, dosage forms, usage, interactions, incompatibilities, and possible side effects. Provision of indications and any possible drug interactions or side effects. II- Hospital Pharmacist (HP): Provide patients with advice about their medications (Patient Education: to give patient full idea about disease, importance of medication and proper use & storage of drug). Calculation of doses of medicines Therapeutic drug monitoring (For insuring adequate response & avoid adverse reactions) 14 III- Manufacturing pharmacist: This is the pharmacist working in pharmaceutical industry, whose activities include the following: 1-Storage of raw materials and finished products 2-Production of pharmaceutical dosage forms (large scale) The process: Convert raw materials, i.e. drug (active pharmaceutical ingredient API) and additives (excipients) to a finished product (medicine=medicament). 3- Quality control (QC) of pharmaceutical dosage forms Methods of analysis and validity of instruments ▪ raw materials ▪ in-process (during manufacturing) ▪ finished product 4- Research and development (R&D) of pharmaceutical dosage forms A. Preformulation studies: - Determination of solubility - Determination of stability B. Formulation and dosage form design: - Choosing route of administration - Choosing dosage form - Choosing excipients (additives) IV- Medical/sales representatives (Marketing and Promotion of drug products) : The promotion activity include: 1) Regular visits to Physician and pharmacist to give presentation on the advantages of a product 2) Marketing studies 3) Design of promotional aids 4) Participation in conferences V-Academic Pharmacists (pharmacists in University) 1. Teaching undergraduate and postgraduates 2. Research activities 3. Improvement of and developing of drug products in collaboration with industry 4. Conferences and workshops VI-Governmental Activities: As pharmacist in Pharmacy departments in Ministry of Health or Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA) for health services which has the following responsibilities: 1. Registration of new drug product 2. Licensure to new graduate pharmacist 3. Licensure to pharmacies & pharmaceutical companies Other activities: 1. As researcher in research centers 2. Medical Laboratories ( Biochemical and Microbiological) 3. Medicinal Herbs 4. Cosmetic industry 5. Distribution of drug products to pharmacy. Thank You 22