Organization and Management PDF

Organization and Management What is Management? It is the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling human and other organizational resources towards the effective achievement of organizational goals. The process of coordinating and overseeing the work performan...

Organization and Management What is Management? It is the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling human and other organizational resources towards the effective achievement of organizational goals. The process of coordinating and overseeing the work performance of individuals working together in an organization to effectively accomplish their chosen objectives. Function of Management Planning refers to deciding on an organization’s goals and strategies such defining goals, establishing strategy and developing sub plans to choose alternatives and coordinate activities Organizing is ensuring that tasks have been assigned and the structure of organizational relationships facilitates meeting goal like deciding where decisions will be made, who will do the jobs and tasks, and who will work for whom.  Staffing is the filling-up of different job positions as needed in the organization’s structure. Leading refers to relating with others so that their work efforts achieve organizational goals by means of motivating and inspiring your fellow coworkers. Controlling is ensuring actions are consistent the organization’s values and standards. Monitoring progress towards goal achievement and taking corrective action when needed. Management Theories Scientific Management Theory -procedural and scientific methods for finding the single best way for doing a job. Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915). The father of scientific management theory.  Taylor’s Scientific Management Principles 1. develop a science for each element of an individuals work to replace the old rule of thumb method; 2. scientifically select and then train, teach and develop the worker; 3. heartily cooperate with workers so as to ensure all work will be done in accordance with the principles of science that has been developed; and 4. division of work and responsibility equally between management and workers. Behavioral Management Theory Elton Mayo (1880-1949)- is a researcher who conducted studies in Hawthorne Works Plant of Western Electric in Chicago. The researchers concluded that workers performed well when they know that they are part of the experiment and when they are being observed by the researchers. This effect is known as the ―Hawthorne Effect. General Administrative Theory -is a term that is an approach to management that focuses on describing what managers do and what constitutes good management practice.  Henri Fayol’s Management Principles 1. Division of Work 2. Authority 3. Discipline 4. Unity of command 5. Subordination of individual interest to general interest 6. Unity of direction 7. Remuneration 8. Centralization 9. Scalar chain of authority 10. Order 11. Equity 12. Stability/security of tenure of workers 13. Initiative 14. Esprit de corps Total Quality Management (TQM) - W. Edwards Deming (1900–1993) Total Quality Management is a management philosophy that focuses on the satisfaction of customers, their needs, and expectations. OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to: Identify and explain the functions of a manager; Evaluate the Roles of a manager and provide emphasis of its importance in an organization; Analyze the Skills that a manager should possess and identify their contribution to the organization. Functions, Roles, and Skills of a Manager Levels of Managements Senior Executives/ Board of Directors -Chief Executive Officers, Chief Top Level Managers / Financial Officers, Chief Marketing Strategic Managers Offices, President, Vice President They formulate the overall organizational strategic plans, policies and goals.  Levels of Managements Branch Mangers, Marketing Managers, Sales Managers, Regional Managers, General Managers Middle Level Managers / They interpret, create and Tactical Managers implement tactical methods and procedures based on the policies , strategies and goals of the Top Level Managers  Levels of Managements Shift Managers, Team Leaders, Supervisor, Foremen, Asst. Managers, Jr. Managers, Inspectors They are the one that execute the plans. They are also responsible for supervising day to day operations/activities Lower Level Managers/ Operational Managers Roles of Managers Interpersonal Roles Figurehead – includes symbolic duties which are legal or social in nature. Leader – includes all aspects of being a good leader such as building a team, coaching the members, motivating them, and developing strong relationships. Liaison – includes developing and maintaining a network outside the office for information and assistance. Informational Roles Monitor – includes seeking information regarding the issues that are affecting the organization. Disseminator – On receiving any important information from internal or external sources, the same needs to be disseminated or transmitted within the organization. Spokesperson – includes representing the organization and providing information about the organization to outsiders. Decisional Roles Entrepreneur – involves all aspects associated with looking for new opportunities, acting as an initiator, designer, and also an encourager of innovation and change. Disturbance handler – taking corrective action when the organization faces unexpected difficulties Resource Allocator – being responsible for the optimum allocation of resources like time, equipment, funds, and also human resources, etc. Also makes and approves decisions. Negotiator – includes representing the organization in negotiations which affect the manager’s scope of responsibility. Skills of Managers Conceptual Skills. Conceptual skills enable managers to think of possible solutions to complex problems. Human Skills. Human skills enable managers in all levels to relate well with people. Technical Skills. Technical skills are also important for managers for them to perform their tasks with proficiency with the use of their expertise.