Organ Donation.pptx

Organ Donation Presented by : Osaid Amro Supervised by:​ Prof Ahmad Saifan, ASU Organ Donation  Organ donation is the process of surgically removing an organ or tissue from one person (the organ donor) and placing it to into another person (the recipient) Histor...

Organ Donation Presented by : Osaid Amro Supervised by:​ Prof Ahmad Saifan, ASU Organ Donation  Organ donation is the process of surgically removing an organ or tissue from one person (the organ donor) and placing it to into another person (the recipient) History of Organ donation  The beginning in 1954, the kidney was the first human organ to be transplanted successfully. Liver, heart and pancreas transplants were successfully performed by the late 1960s, while lung and intestinal organ transplant procedures were begun in the 1980s. Organ Donation and Transplantation Overview Who Can Be an Organ Donor ? Any person can be an organ donor as long as they are fit to donate their organs. Why Organ Donation is Important ? Organ donation and transplantation is an essential part to treat organ failure patients, its their cure, its their final resort. It can improve their quality of life and in other cases save their life. Type of Organ Donation 1. Living Donor Related Unrelated 2. Deceased Donor What are the organ that can be donated from each ? Organ Preservation times Brain Death Definition Death by Brain Function Criteria (Brain Death): The legal definition of death based on the irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain including the brain-stem due to total necrosis of the cerebral neurons following loss of blood flow and oxygenation.  Brain Death, Coma, and Vegetative State Vegetative Brain Coma State Death Brain stem intact  Brain stem intact  Loss of brain stem  Deep state of  Some form of  No brain function  unconsciousness consciousness No blood flow to  Some brain  chance of recovery  the brain activity Breathing and  Brain tissue dies  Chance of  movement could No reflexes  recovery be present Irreversible  Still alive  Still alive  Death   Diagnosis of Brain Death Who makes the diagnosis? Professional whos' responsible for diagnosis of Brain Death: Neur nte U i o-Neuro nis ys logist i surg anteon  Not Physicians or Surgeons who are  Brain Death Pathway (Saudi Arabia) Identify Devastating brain Report All possible cases of brain death must be reported directly to SCOT o injury Reports of possible brain death GCS 3-5 patients can be made by anyone not Ventilated only physicians Diagnose SCOT will work closely together with the ICU to diagnose all possible cases of brain death and ensure the viability of organ donation Breaking Bad News Family Approach Once the diagnoses has Once the family of the deceased is informed SCOT will wait 24 been completed the ICU hours before approaching them physician must inform regarding the topic of organ the family of the donation with the help of the diagnosis social worker  Global Organ Donation 1. Spain:  Donation Rate: Approximately 48.8 organ donors per million people (PMP) in 2023 2. United States:  Donation Rate: Approximately 37.5 PMP in 2023. 3. Portugal:  Donation Rate: Around 37.4 PMP in 2023.  Local Organ Donation 1. United Arab Emirates (UAE):  Donation Rate: Around 4.0 PMP in 2023. 2. Qatar:  Donation Rate: Estimated at about 3.2 PMP in 2023.  3. Kuwait:  Donation Rate: Approximately 2.5 PMP in 2023. 4. Saudi Arabia:  Donation Rate: Approximately 2.1 PMP in 2023.  Local Organ Donation Jordan:  Organ Donation Rate: ◦ Donation Rate: Estimated at around 1.5 PMP in 2023.  Challenges 1. Public Awareness 2. Ethical Concerns 3. Administrative Complexity 4. Cultural and Religious Sensitivities 5. Healthcare System Limitations  How to Overcome Challenges?  Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach, including public education, infrastructure development, cultural sensitivity, and policy improvements.  By tackling these issues, countries can work towards improving their organ donation rates and ensuring that more individuals have access to life-saving transplants.  Advantages of improving donation rate  Life Extension: Provides a chance for recipients to live longer and healthier lives.  Improved Quality of Life: Restores function and alleviates symptoms, leading to a better overall quality of life.  Healthcare Savings: Reduces long-term healthcare costs and waiting times for transplants.  Advancements in Medicine: Drives research and technological advancements in medical fields.  Social Good: Promotes altruism, strengthens healthcare systems, and reduces illegal organ trade .Family Support: Offers emotional and financial relief to families and communities.  Organ Donation and Transplantation Overview in Saudi Arabia 2nd worldwide of living donor donation. Number 1 worldwide in paired kidney exchange comparison with US and CANADA. Number 1 worldwide robotic living donor hepatectomy.  Organ Donation and Transplantation Activity in Saudi Arabia  Number of people who register their desire 0.1 Living through the Donor Tawakkalna 4 Decea sed Donor 516860 0.8 6 – 2022) Total Donors (1987 Registered More than 17700 Donor Organ Donation and Transplantation Activity in Saudi Arabia Organ Donation and Transplantation Centers in Saudi Arabia  Methods of Organ Donation in Saudi Arabia Living Donation: Person can go to the nearest transplantation center approved by the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation and express their desire to donate, and he will be directed according to the method followed for living donors. Deceased Donation: If a person wishes to donate their organs after death, they can register their desire through the Tawakkalna application and inform their  Religious, Ethical and Legal Aspects in Brain Death and Organ Donation Religious Legal Ethical Aspect Aspect: Aspect: The There There are are no no pressure pressure done done There is consensus The royal royal decree decree forfor the the law on the family when asking on the family when asking law of organ donation in of organ donation in from the religious Saudi Saudi Arabia Arabia (No. (No. M/70) M/70) about about their their decision decision on on organ organ leaders all around the Consent donation donation Consent always always toto be be taken taken There from There is is complete complete respect respect ofof world on the morality from the the closest closest relative relative the body during organ alive. the body during organ and permission of alive. recovery The recovery procedures procedures The consent consent can can bebe Aesthetic organ donation and withdrawn Aesthetic preservation preservation ofof the the withdrawn at any point at any point donor donor body body is is essential essential in in transplantation from before organ recovery. before organ recovery. every recovery procedures every recovery procedures The The death death certificate certificate will will be be living and deceased Organs Organs are are distributed distributed fairly fairly issued only with heartbeat issued only with heartbeat and donors. and to the patients that need to the patients that need cessation cessation (Cardiac (Cardiac Arrest.) Arrest.) it the most. it the most.  Organ Donation Unit (ODU)  A dedicated team in each hospital tasked with reporting and following up on brain death cases.  They are also tasked with family approach for organ donation.  They are in direct communication with SCOT.  Compromised of: Physician, nurse, Social worker/ Psychologist.  Currently only 2 hospitals have established ODUs: KAMC- NGHA and KSMC.  The number of reported cases have been tripled in these hospitals thanks to the ODUs.  Subsequently, consented cases and organs transplanted from donors in these hospitals have been tripled as well.  References  Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. World Health Organization. March 27, 2020  Countries. World Health Organization (WHO)  Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation (SCOT) Thank you !