Common Medical Suffixes PDF

C HAPTER 3 Common Suffixes Chapter Outline 3.1 New Roots, Suffixes, and Prefixes 3.2 Le...

C HAPTER 3 Common Suffixes Chapter Outline 3.1 New Roots, Suffixes, and Prefixes 3.2 Learning the Terms 3.3 Review Exercises 3.4 Pronunciation and Spelling Learning Objectives After studying this chapter and completing the exercises, you should be able to do the following: 1. Spell and define common suffixes. 2. Identify suffixes used to convert medical nouns to adjectives. 3. Pronounce, spell, define, and write medical terms found in this chapter. Introduction In Chapter 1 you learned two important points to remember about suffixes: The suffix is always at the end of a medical word. The suffix is the first word part to look at when you try to understand a medical word. This chapter starts by listing new roots and prefixes. The next section introduces you to the most common suffixes. Each suffix and its meaning are listed first, followed by words using the suffix. These examples will help you remember the meaning of the suffixes. When you have learned them, you will be able to understand a great number of medical words. 35 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  36 CHAPTER 3 Common Suffixes 3.1 New Roots, Suffixes, and Prefixes Use these additional roots, prefixes, and suffixes when studying the terms in this chapter. ROOT MEANING acr/o top; extremities all/o referring to another electr/o electric home/o same; constant iatr/o physician idi/o individual; distinct radi/o x-rays tom/o to cut PREFIX MEANING dia- through; complete pro- before 3.2 Learning the Terms Use the following suggestions for learning medical terms: 1. Pronounce the term repeatedly until it is easy for you. 2. Write it down. Ensure the spelling is correct. 3. Also write the definition. If possible relate the word to a word, thought, or picture that will help you remember it. 4. Analyze the term with the method taught in this text. SUFFIX MEANING -algia (see also -dynia) pain Term Term Analysis Definition cephalgia cephal/o = head headache; (sef-AL-jee-ah) pain in the head otalgia ot/o = ear earache; pain in the ear (oh-TAL-jee-ah) Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  CHAPTER 3 Common Suffixes 37 SUFFIX MEANING -cyte cell Term Term Analysis Definition adipocyte adip/o = fat fat cell (AD-ih-poh-sight) SUFFIX MEANING -dynia pain Term Term Analysis Definition gastrodynia gastr/o = stomach Pain in the stomach. Also known (gas-troh-DIN-ee-ah) as gastralgia (gas-TRAL-jee-ah). mastodynia mast/o = breast breast pain (mas-toh-DIN-ee-ah) SUFFIX MEANING -ectomy surgical removal; excision Term Term Analysis Definition hysterectomy hyster/o = uterus surgical removal or excision (hiss-ter-ECK-toh-mee) of the uterus mastectomy mast/o = breast surgical removal or excision (mas-TECK-toh-mee) of the breast SUFFIX MEANING -emesis vomiting Term Term Analysis Definition hematemesis hemat/o = blood vomiting of blood (hee-mah-TEM-eh-sis) emetic -ic = pertaining an agent such as a drug that (eh-MET-ick) causes vomiting SUFFIX MEANING -genic producing; produced by Term Term Analysis Definition allogenic all/o = referring originating within another. In an allogenic (al-oh-JEN-ick) to another heart transplant, the heart would be harvested from an individual of the same species but different genetic background. iatrogenic iatr/o = physician adverse (harmful) side effects from treat- (eye-at-roh-JEN-ick) ment by physicians Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  38 CHAPTER 3 Common Suffixes SUFFIX MEANING -gnosis knowledge Term Term Analysis Definition diagnosis dia- = through; complete determining what disease or condition (dye-ag-NOH-sis) is present through a study of the signs and symptoms, and laboratory, x-ray, and other diagnostic procedures Example: After complete investigation, a diagnosis of osteoarthritis was made. prognosis pro- = before forecast of the outcome of the disease (prahg-NOH-sis) Example: The patient is admitted for a hip replacement because of osteoar- thritis. His prognosis is good. Note: The prognosis is either good or bad. If the patient is likely to recover from the disease, the prognosis is good. If the patient is not likely to recover from the disease, the prognosis is bad. SUFFIX MEANING -gram record (written record or image) Term Term Analysis Definition angiogram angi/o = vessel record (image) of a blood vessel (AN-jee-oh-gram) is produced using x-rays and contrast medium (Figure 3-1). Note 1: An image is produced of the body structure, thereby creating a record of that structure. Note 2: Contrast medium is a dye that is placed into the patient’s body to improve the visibility of the x-ray. Figure 3-1 Angiogram. The blood vessels, in black, are highlighted because a contrast medium was used to improve visibility. Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  CHAPTER 3 Common Suffixes 39 Term Term Analysis Definition mammogram mamm/o = breast record (image) of the breast (MAM-oh-gram) is produced using x-rays (Figure 3-2). chest muscle fatty tissue breast tissue Figure 3-2 Mammogram: record of the breast. myelogram myel/o = spinal cord record (image) of the spinal cord (MY-eh-loh-gram) taken by x-rays venogram ven/o = vein record (image) of a vein is (VEE-noh-gram) produced using x-rays and contrast medium SUFFIX MEANING -graph instrument used to record Term Term Analysis Definition cardiograph cardi/o = heart instrument used to record the (KAR-dee-oh-graf) heart’s activity electrocardiograph electr/o = electric instrument used to record the (ee-leck-troh-KAR-dee- cardi/o = heart electrical activity of the heart oh-graf) (Figure 3-3A and 3-3B) © oksana2010/www.Shutterstock.com. Figure 3-3B Electrocardiogram: record of Figure 3-3A Electrocardiograph: instrument that records the electrical the electrical activity of the activity of the heart. heart. Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  40 CHAPTER 3 Common Suffixes SUFFIX MEANING -graphy process of recording; process of producing images Term Term Analysis Definition cardiography cardi/o = heart process of recording the heart’s (Kar-dee-OG-rah-fee) activity computed tomography tom/o = to cut an x-ray beam rotates around the (kom-PYOO-ted) (toh-MOG-rah-fee) patient taking multiple images of an organ at different depths (Figure 3-4A, and C). The information is computer analyzed and converted to a picture of the body part. A. Computed tomography B. Conventional x-ray Liver Figure 3-4 A. CT scan has an x-ray beam rotating around the patient. Images are taken of the organ at various depths. B. Conventional x-ray. The x-ray beam travels through the body from anterior to posterior (AP view). C. Abdominal CT scan showing the liver. Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  CHAPTER 3 Common Suffixes 41 Term Term Analysis Definition mammography mamm/o = breast process of producing images of (mam-OG-rah-fee) the breast (See Figure 3-5) Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI. Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI. Films courtesy of Lonie R. Salkoski, MD, University of Films courtesy of Lonie R. Salkoski, MD, University of (A) © Jean-Paul Chassenet/Science Source. (B) (C) Figure 3-5 A. Mammography. B. Normal mammogram. C. Mammogram showing visible breast cancer. myelography myel/o = spinal cord producing images of the spinal (my-eh-LOG-rah-fee) cord (using x-rays) radiography radi/o = x-rays process of producing images (ray-dee-OG-rah-fee) using x-rays Note: Radiography is a general term. It refers to images that are taken of any internal body structure using x-rays. -gram = record In Brief -graph = instrument used to record -graphy = process of recording SUFFIX MEANING -itis inflammation Term Term Analysis Definition enteritis enter/o = small intestine inflammation of the small intestine (en-ter-EYE-tis) stomatitis stomat/o = mouth inflammation of the mouth (sto-mah-TYE-tis) tonsillitis tonsill/o = tonsil inflammation of the tonsils (ton-sih-LYE-tis) Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  42 CHAPTER 3 Common Suffixes SUFFIX MEANING -logy study of Term Term Analysis Definition cardiology cardi/o = heart study of the heart (kar-dee-OL-oh-jee) dermatology dermat/o = skin study of the skin (der-mah-TOL-oh-jee) SUFFIX MEANING -logist specialist; one who studies Term Term Analysis Definition gynecologist gynec/o = woman specialist in the study of the (guy-neh-KOL-oh-jist) diseases and treatment of female disorders ophthalmologist ophthalm/o = eye specialist in the study of the (ahf-thal-MOL-eh-jist) diseases and treatment of eye disorders SUFFIX MEANING -malacia softening Term Term Analysis Definition adenomalacia aden/o = gland abnormal softening of a gland (ad-eh-noh-mah-LAY-shee-ah) osteomalacia oste/o = bone softening of bone (os-tee-oh-mah-LAY-shee-ah) SUFFIX MEANING -megaly enlargement Term Term Analysis Definition visceromegaly viscer/o = internal organs enlarged internal organs (VIS-er-oh-meg-ah-lee) Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  CHAPTER 3 Common Suffixes 43 SUFFIX MEANING -oma tumor; mass Term Term Analysis Definition adenocarcinoma aden/o = gland cancer of glandular tissue (ad-eh-o-kar-sih-NOH-mah) carin/o = cancer adenoma (ad-eh-NOH-mah) aden/o = gland tumor of a gland osteoma oste/o = bone tumor of bone (os-tee-OH-mah) hematoma hemat/o = blood mass or collection of blood (hem-ah-TOH-mah) outside a blood vessel; a bruise SUFFIX MEANING -osis abnormal condition Term Term Analysis Definition nephrosis (neh-FROH-sis) nephr/o = kidney abnormal condition of the kidney SUFFIX MEANING -pathy disease Term Term Analysis Definition nephropathy nephr/o = kidney disease of the kidney (neh-FROP-pah-thee) neuropathy neur/o = nerve disease of the nerve (new-ROP-pah-thee) SUFFIX MEANING -phobia fear Term Term Analysis Definition acrophobia acr/o = top; extremities fear of heights (ack-roh-FOH-bee-ah) SUFFIX MEANING -plasty surgical reconstruction Term Term Analysis Definition rhinoplasty rhin/o = nose surgical reconstruction of the (RYE-noh-plas-tee) nose; nose job arthroplasty arthr/o = joint surgical reconstruction of a joint (AR-throh-plas-tee) Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  44 CHAPTER 3 Common Suffixes SUFFIX MEANING -ptosis drooping; sagging Term Term Analysis Definition nephroptosis nephr/o = kidney drooping kidney (nef-rop-TOH-sis) SUFFIX MEANING -ptysis spitting Term Term Analysis Definition hemoptysis hem/o = blood spitting up of blood (hee-MOP-tih-sis) SUFFIX MEANING -rrhage; -rrhagia bursting forth Term Term Analysis Definition hemorrhage hem/o = blood bursting forth of blood; bleeding (HEM-or-idj) gastrorrhagia gastr/o = stomach bleeding from the stomach (gas-troh-RAY-jee-ah) SUFFIX MEANING -rrhaphy to suture (to sew) Term Term Analysis Definition colporrhaphy colp/o = vagina suturing the wall of the vagina (kol-POR-ah-fee) (Figure 3-6) Continuous sutures Figure 3-6 To suture (sew). The edges of the wound are brought together by suturing. Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  CHAPTER 3 Common Suffixes 45 SUFFIX MEANING -rrhea flow; discharge Term Term Analysis Definition otorrhea ot/o = ear discharge from the ear (oh-toh-REE-ah) SUFFIX MEANING -rrhexis rupture Term Term Analysis Definition splenorrhexis splen/o = spleen ruptured spleen (splee-nor-ECKS-sis) In Brief -rrhage = burst forth -rrhaphy = suture -rrhea = flow; discharge -rrhexis = rupture SUFFIX MEANING -sclerosis hardening Term Term Analysis Definition arteriosclerosis arteri/o = artery hardening of the arteries (ar-teer-ee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis) SUFFIX MEANING -scope instrument used to view inside a body cavity or organ Term Term Analysis Definition arthroscope arthr/o = joint instrument used to view the inside (AR-throh-skope) of a joint cavity gastroscope gastr/o = stomach instrument used to view the inside (GAS-troh-skope) of the stomach In Brief -scope = instrument used to view inside a body cavity or organ -scopy = process of viewing inside a body cavity or organ Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  46 CHAPTER 3 Common Suffixes SUFFIX MEANING -scopy the process of viewing inside a body cavity or organ Term Term Analysis Definition endoscopy endo- = within process of visually examining the (en-DOS-koh-pee) inside of a body cavity or organ using an endoscope (Figure 3-7) Viewer Gastroscope Forceps (or grasping instrument) Laparoscope Fallopian tube Uterus Stomach A. Gastroscopy allopian tube Colonoscope B. Laparoscopy Colon Rectum C. Colonoscopy Figure 3-7 Endoscopies. A. Gastroscopy. B. Laparoscopy. C. Colonoscopy. Note: Endoscopy is a general term. Specific endoscopies are named after the organ being studied. See the following terms as examples. bronchoscopy bronch/o = bronchus process of viewing inside the (brong-KOS-koh-pee) bronchus laparoscopy lapar/o = abdomen process of viewing the abdomen (lap-ah-ROS-koh-pee) (refer to Figure 3-7B) Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  CHAPTER 3 Common Suffixes 47 SUFFIX MEANING -spasm sudden involuntary muscle contraction Term Term Analysis Definition laryngospasm laryng/o = larynx sudden muscular spasm of the larynx (lah-RING-go-spaz-um) SUFFIX MEANING -stasis stable; stopping; controlling Term Term Analysis Definition hemostasis hem/o = blood stopping of bleeding (hee-moh-STAY-sis) homeostasis home/o = same balanced yet varied state (hoh-mee-oh-STAY-sis) SUFFIX MEANING -stenosis narrowing Term Term Analysis Definition arteriostenosis arteri/o = artery narrowing of an artery (ar-teer-ee-oh-steh-NOH-sis) SUFFIX MEANING -stomy surgical creation of a new opening Term Term Analysis Definition colostomy col/o = colon surgical creation of a new (koh-LOSS-toh-mee) opening in the colon tracheostomy trache/o = trachea; windpipe surgical creation of a new (tray-kee-OS-toh-mee) opening into the trachea SUFFIX MEANING -tomy to cut; incision Term Term Analysis Definition tenotomy ten/o = tendon to cut the tendon; incision of the (teh-NOT-oh-mee) tendon tracheotomy trache/o = trachea; windpipe to cut the trachea; incision of (tray-kee-OT-toh-mee) the trachea Note: Incision means to cut into. Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  48 CHAPTER 3 Common Suffixes In Brief -stomy = surgical creation of a new opening -tomy = to cut incision means to cut into excision means to cut out SUFFIX MEANING -trophy growth; nourishment Term Term Analysis Definition atrophy a- = no; not wasting away of the muscle (AH-troh-fee) (Figure 3-8A) hypertrophy hyper- = excessive excessive growth or enlargement (high-PER-troh-fee) of an organ or part (Figure 3-8B) A. B. Figure 3-8 Differences in muscle size. A. Atrophy. B. Hypertrophy. Suffixes Used as Adjectives SUFFIX MEANING -ac; -ous; -ic; -al pertaining to -ary; -ar; -eal Term Term Analysis Definition cardiac cardi/o = heart pertaining to the heart (KAR-dee-ack) chondral chondr/o = cartilage pertaining to cartilage (KON-dral) Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  CHAPTER 3 Common Suffixes 49 Term Term Analysis Definition cutaneous cutane/o = skin pertaining to the skin (kyoo-TAY-nee-us) gastric gastr/o = stomach pertaining to the stomach (GAS-trik) idiopathic idi/o = one’s own; unknown cause. (id-ee-oh-PATH-ick) distinct path/o = disease Example: idiopathic disease. mammary mamm/o = breast pertaining to the breast (MAM-ah-ree) muscular muscul/o = muscle pertaining to muscle (MUS-kyou-lar) natal nat/o = birth pertaining to birth (NAY-tal) pharyngeal pharyng/o = throat; pharynx pertaining to the throat (far-IN-jee-al) septic sept/o = infection pertaining to infection (SEHP-tick) venous ven/o = vein pertaining to a vein (VEE-nus) Note: Although there are some exceptions, the suffixes meaning “pertaining to” are not interchangeable with a given root. For example, you can say muscular, but not musculal, musculic, or musculous. You can say cardiac but not cardious or cardiary. 3.3 Review Exercises EXERCISE 3-1 Matching Word Elements with Meaning Match the word part in Column A with its meaning in Column B Column A Column B 1. -algia A. specialist 2. -ectomy B. tumor; mass 3. -logy C. nourishment 4. -logist D. excision; surgical removal 5. -ous E. surgical reconstruction 6. -scopy F. pertaining to Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  50 CHAPTER 3 Common Suffixes 7. -scope G. pain 8. -plasty H. instrument used to view inside an organ 9. -oma I. study of 10. -trophy J. process of viewing inside an organ EXERCISE 3-2 Definitions Give the meaning of the following suffixes. a. -trophy b. -algia c. -tomy d. -ectomy e. -gram f. -logist g. -scope h. -itis i. -plasty j. -logy k. -ous l. -oma m. -ic n. -al o. -scopy p. -osis EXERCISE 3-3 Identifying and Defining Word Parts In the words listed below, separate the medical term into its word parts with a slash (/). Then, define the term in the space provided. The first question is answered for you. a. aden/oma tumor of a gland b. otalgia c. dermatologist Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  CHAPTER 3 Common Suffixes 51 d. hysterectomy e. cardiology f. myelogram g. tonsillitis h. cutaneous i. hypertrophy j. rhinoplasty k. arthroscopy l. arthroscope m. tracheotomy n. natal o. septic EXERCISE 3-4 Adjectival Suffix Match the root with the correct adjectival ending, then complete the sentences below. ROOT ADJECTIVAL SUFFIX muscul- -al nat- -ic sept- -ous cutane- -ar 1. I pulled a muscle. I now have pain. 2. I have red marks on my skin. The doctor said it was a rash. 3. I am going to have a baby. I am going to pre- classes. 4. Throw the infectious material away. Put it in the garbage for material. Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  52 CHAPTER 3 Common Suffixes EXERCISE 3-5 Spelling Circle the word that is correctly spelled in each group below. 1. cephalalga cefalalgia cephalgia 2. hysterectomy histerectomy 3. tonsillitis tonsilitis 4. cardology cardiology 5. ophthalmologist opthalmologist ophtalmologist 6. nephrosis nephrosus 7. tracheotomy traechotomy 8. hypertrophe hypertrophy 9. enteritis enteritus 10. mylogram myelogram EXERCISE 3-6 Definitions Define the following terms. 1. adenoma 2. arthroplasty 3. arthroscope 4. bronchoscopy 5. cardiology 6. cephalgia 7. dermatology 8. enteritis 9. gastroscope 10. laparoscopy 11. gynecologist 12. hematoma 13. hypertrophy 14. hysterectomy 15. mastectomy Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  CHAPTER 3 Common Suffixes 53 16. myelogram 17. nephropathy 18. nephrosis 19. neuropathy 20. ophthalmologist 21. osteoma 22. otalgia 23. rhinoplasty 24. stomatitis 25. tenotomy 26. tonsillitis 27. tracheotomy 28. tracheostomy 29. excision 30. incision 3.4 Pronunciation and Spelling To practice your pronunciation: 1. Listen to each word on the audio file provided on the Student Companion Website. 2. Pronounce each word carefully. 3. Spell each word in the space provided. Word Pronunciation Spelling acrophobia ack-roh-FOH-bee-ah adenocarcinoma ad-eh-no-kar-sih-NOH-mah adenomalacia ad-eh-noh-mah-LAY-shee-ah adenoma ad-eh-NOH-mah allogenic al-oh-JEN-ick arteriosclerosis ar-teer-ee-oh-skleh-ROH-sis Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  54 CHAPTER 3 Common Suffixes Word Pronunciation Spelling arthroscope AR-throh-skohp arthroscopy ar-THROS-koh-pee cardiac KAR-dee-ack cardiology kar-dee-OL-oh-jee chondral KON-dral colostomy koh-LOSS-toh-mee cutaneous kyoo-TAY-nee-us dermatology der-mah-TOL-oh-jee electrocardiograph ee-leck-troh-KAR-dee-oh-graf emetic eh-MET-ick enteritis en-ter-EYE-tis gastric GAS-trik gastrodynia gas-troh-DIN-ee-ah gastroscopy gas-TROS-koh-pee gynecologist guy-neh-KOL-oh-jist hematemesis hee-mah-TEM-eh-sis hematoma hem-ah-TOH-mah hemoptysis hee-MOP-tih-sis hemostasis hee-moh-STAY-sis homeostasis hoh-mee-oh-STAY-sis hypertrophy high-PER-troh-fee hysterectomy hiss-ter-ECK-toh-mee iatrogenic eye-at-roh-JEN-ick idiopathic id-ee-oh-PATH-ick laryngospasm lah-RING-go-spaz-um mastectomy mas-TECK-toh-mee mastodynia mas-toh-DIN-ee-ah muscular MUS-kyoo-lar myelogram MY-eh-loh-gram Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  CHAPTER 3 Common Suffixes 55 Word Pronunciation Spelling myelography my-eh-LOG-rah-fee natal NAY-tal nephropathy nef-ROP-pah-thee nephroptosis nef-rop-TOH-sis nephrosis neh-FROH-sis neuropathy new-ROP-pah-thee ophthalmologist ahf-thal-MOL-eh-jist osteomalacia os-tee-oh-mah-LAY-shee-ah osteoma os-tee-OH-mah otalgia oh-TAL-gee-ah pharyngeal far-IN-jee-al prognosis prahg-NOH-sis radiography ray-dee-OG-rah-fee stomatitis sto-mah-TYE-tis tenotomy teh-NOT-oh-mee tomography toh-MOG-rah-fee tonsillitis ton-sih-LYE-tis tracheotomy tray-kee-OT-toh-mee venous VEE-nus visceromegaly VIS-er-oh-meg-ah-lee Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  C HAPTER 4 Common Prefixes Chapter Outline 4.1 New Roots and Suffixes 4.2 Learning the Terms 4.3 Summary of Prefixes That Have the Same Meaning 4.4 Summary of Prefixes That Have the Opposite Meaning 4.5 Review Exercises 4.6 Pronunciation and Spelling Learning Objectives After studying this chapter and completing the exercises, you should be able to do the following: 1. State the meaning of prefixes found in this chapter. 2. Pronounce, spell, define, and write medical terms that use prefixes in this chapter. 3. Identify prefixes that have the same meaning. 4. Identify prefixes that have the opposite meaning. Introduction This chapter introduces you to the most common prefixes. It starts by listing new roots and suffixes used in this chapter. The next section displays the prefix and its meaning first, followed by words using the prefix. 57 Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  58 CHAPTER 4 Common Prefixes 4.1 New Roots and Suffixes Use these additional roots and suffixes when studying the medical terms in this chapter. ROOT MEANING cellul/o cell cis/o to cut cost/o rib duct/o to draw later/o side sect/o to cut son/o sound versi/o turning; tilting; tipping SUFFIX MEANING -drome run -genous produced by -iasis abnormal condition -ion process -mortem death -opsy to view -partum delivery -plasia; -plasm development; formation -pnea breathing -tic pertaining to -um structure -uria urination; urine -y condition; process Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  CHAPTER 4 Common Prefixes 59 4.2 Learning the Terms Use the following suggestions for learning medical terms: 1. Pronounce the term repeatedly until it is easy for you. 2. Write it down. Ensure the spelling is correct. 3. Also write the definition. If possible, relate the word to a word, thought, or picture that will help you remember it. 4. Analyze the term with the method taught in this text. PREFIX MEANING a(n)- no; not Term Term Analysis Definition apnea -pnea = breathing not breathing (AP-nee-ah) anuria -uria = urine; urination no urine (being formed in the (ah-NOO-ree-ah) kidney) Helping You The prefix “a-” changes to “an-” in the word “anuria” because the suffix Remember begins with a vowel. PREFIX MEANING ab- away from Term Term Analysis Definition abduction -ion = process process of drawing away from the (ab-DUCK-shun) duct/o = to draw midline PREFIX MEANING ad- toward Term Term Analysis Definition adduction -ion = process process of drawing toward (ah-DUCK-shun) duct/o = to draw the midline Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  60 CHAPTER 4 Common Prefixes PREFIX MEANING ana- up; apart Term Term Analysis Definition anatomy -tomy = process the study of the structure or parts (ah-NAT-oh-mee) of cutting of the body PREFIX MEANING ante- before Term Term Analysis Definition antenatal -al = pertaining to pertaining to before birth, referring to the (an-tee-NAY-tal) nat/o = birth fetus; prenatal Note: Fetus is the name given to the unborn infant. antepartum -partum = delivery, before childbirth, referring to the mother (an-tee-PAR-tum) labor, childbirth PREFIX MEANING anti- against Term Term Analysis Definition antibiotic -tic = pertaining to drugs used against bacteria that have (an-tih-bye-OT-ick) bi/o = life infected the body Helping You The prefix anti- means “against.” Note that both the prefix and its Remember meaning contain the letter “i.” The prefix ante- means “before.” Both the prefix and its meaning contain the letter “e.” PREFIX MEANING auto- self Term Term Analysis Definition autopsy -opsy = to view internal and external examination of the (AW-top