Nutrition Part 1 PDF

BIOSCIENCE Plant & animal nutrition, Vitamins Part 1 Rohit Kumar Pal  BioScience | Plant & animal nutrition, Vitamins, Human Digestive system ❑ What are the nutrients? Nutrients are the component found in our food such as carbohydrates, vitamin, minerals, fats etc. these com...

BIOSCIENCE Plant & animal nutrition, Vitamins Part 1 Rohit Kumar Pal  BioScience | Plant & animal nutrition, Vitamins, Human Digestive system ❑ What are the nutrients? Nutrients are the component found in our food such as carbohydrates, vitamin, minerals, fats etc. these components are necessary for living organisms to survive. Plants produce their own food while animals & human beings do not produce their own food. We are indirectly or directly depend on plants & animals for our food needs.  BioScience | Plant & animal nutrition, Vitamins, Human Digestive system ❑ What is carbohydrate? The type of organic substance in which Carbon, Hydrogen & oxygen ratio is1 : 2 : 1 ratio, is called— Carbohydrate. [Protein Sparing food] E.g-Glucose, Glycogen, Sucrose. The unit of carbohydrate is – Monosaccharide Fructose is sweetest sugar/fruit sugar Sucrose is cane sugar/table sugar Lactose is least sweetest/ milk sugar ID test for carbohydrate- Iodine test  BioScience | Plant & animal nutrition, Vitamins, Human Digestive system What is protein? The two type Amino acid (essential & non essential) linkage with peptide bond formation form a organic substance, that is called protein. [Human building block] E.g. Keratin, Nucleo protein, Serum albumin. ID test for protein- Biuret test Protein deficiency may cause- Kwashiorkor/Marasmus Marasmus is Protein- Calorie Malnutrition  BioScience | Plant & animal nutrition, Vitamins, Human Digestive system What is fat? Fat or lipid molecules are components made up of like fatty acid & glycerol E.g. Fatty acid, Steroid, Wax. * ID test for fat- Emulson test/ Acrolein test Ratio of Carbohydrate, Protein & Fat in balanced diet is 4:1:1  BioScience | Plant & animal nutrition, Vitamins, Human Digestive system What are minerals? The elements which are needed for nutrition are called Essential elements/minerals  BioScience | Plant & animal nutrition, Vitamins, Human Digestive system What are macro elements? Elements that are required in major quantities for nutrition. E.g.- C, H, O, N, S, P, K, Mg, Ca ** C,H,O,N are used as framework element of organisms ** Mg is essential element of chlorophyll ** K helps in stomatal opening & closing ** Ca is essential for bone, teeth formation  BioScience | Plant & animal nutrition, Vitamins, Human Digestive system What are micro elements? Elements that are required in minor quantities for plant Nutrition. e.g. Fe, B, MO, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co ** Fe helps in chlorophyll synthesis/ Hb formation ** B helps in translocation of carbohydrate ** Mo helps in Nitrogen fixation ** Zn helps in Auxin biosynthesis ** Co is essential component of vitamin B12 & deficiency of it causes pernicious anemia ** Iodine is very exclusive for animals that gives nutrition to thyroid glands.  BioScience | Plant & animal nutrition, Vitamins, Human Digestive system Some examples For Plant Nutrition, Mg is major metal present in chlorophyll & its deficiency causes chlorosis in leaf  BioScience | Plant & animal nutrition, Vitamins, Human Digestive system In Animal Nutrition, Bones mainly composed with Ca & Phosphorus & it’s deficiency occur—Rickets in bones.  BioScience | Plant & animal nutrition, Vitamins, Human Digestive system In Animal Nutrition, Iron deficiency occurs Anemia.