Nursing 6th Note PDF

Circulatory System II A. Taha Demirbas, Assis Prof Anatomy Great Vessels All systemic arteries are direct or indirect branches of the aorta The aorta emerges from the left ventricle At first it moves upwards for a while, then it curves downwards, and then it curves downwards These p...

Circulatory System II A. Taha Demirbas, Assis Prof Anatomy Great Vessels All systemic arteries are direct or indirect branches of the aorta The aorta emerges from the left ventricle At first it moves upwards for a while, then it curves downwards, and then it curves downwards These parts of the aorta are named as follows: Ascending aorta Aortic arch Descending aorta Aorta descendens is divided into two parts, aorta thoracica and aorta abdominalis, depending on its location  The aortic arch curves to the left like an inverted U superior to the heart. It gives off three major arteries in this order: The brachiocephalic trunk, Left common carotid artery, And left subclavian artery  Subclavian a. is the artery of the upper extremity It continues as axillary a. and then brachial a. Arteria brachialis terminates by giving two terminal branches named ulnar and radial arteries Each common carotid artery divides into two branches: Internal carotid artery and external carotid artery Internal carotid artery go into the skull cavity and nourish the brain External carotid artery nourishes all structures in the head and neck except the brain  The aorta terminates by giving two terminal branches at the level of the L4 vertebra in the abdomen The place where the aorta divides into two terminal branches is called bifurcatio aorta Right common iliac artery Left common iliac artery Each common iliac artery also ends by giving two terminal branches Internal carotid artery Supplies the organs in the pelvis External carotid artery It continues as femoral artery and supplies the lower extremity  When femoral artery reaches the back of the knee, popliteal artery happens Popliteal artery ends by giving anterior and posterior arteries branches  Superior vena cava is the vein through which the venous blood of the upper extremities and head area is drained Vena jugularis interna and vena subclavia unite to form vena brachiocephalica The right and left brachiocephalica veins fuse to form the superior vena cava  Inferior vena cava is the vein through which the venous blood of the lower extremities and abdomen is drained Internal iliac vein and external iliac vein combine to form the common iliac vein bilaterally The right and left common iliac veins unite to form the inferior vena cava Veins of the upper limb Dividen into two groups called superficial and deep veins The deep ones are closed to arteries and take the same name Radial and ulnar veins unite to form the brachial vein The brachial vein goes on as an axillary vein after pec major muscle Axillary vein is defined as a subclavian vein after passing under the clavicle  The superficial veins of the upper limb originates from the dorsal side of the hand On the medial side as the basilic vein, and on the lateral side as the cephalic vein goes through the elbow These two veins unite in the shape of the letter M with the divided ends of a vein (median cubital vein) coming from the middle of the front surface of the forearm at elbow level Veins of the lower limb Superficial veins Arcus venosus dorsalis pedis Great saphenous vein ✓ Opens to the femoral vein Small saphenous vein ✓ Empties into popliteal vein Deep veins of the lower limb Anterior and posterior tibial veins, and fibular veins drain into popliteal vein Continuation of the popliteal vein is femoral vein in the thigh region Intravenous injection