The Heart Circulatory System PDF

The Heart Explain two things that you do know help your heart health.  Location of the Heart The heart is located between the lungs behind the sternum and above the diaphragm. It is surrounded by the pericardium. Location of the heart in the thorax I want my heart to grow as large...

The Heart Explain two things that you do know help your heart health.  Location of the Heart The heart is located between the lungs behind the sternum and above the diaphragm. It is surrounded by the pericardium. Location of the heart in the thorax I want my heart to grow as large as possible. Agree Disagree  Anatomy of the heart The walls of the heart are composed of cardiac muscle, called myocardium. It consists of four compartments: – the right and left atria and ventricles The Heart Valves The valves prevent the backward flow of blood. These valves are actual flaps that are located on each end of the two ventricles (lower chambers of the heart). They act as one-way inlets of blood on one side of a ventricle and one-way outlets of blood on the other side of a ventricle.  Blood circulation via heart The blood returns from the systemic circulation to the right atrium and from there goes through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle. It is ejected from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve to the lungs. Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the left atrium, and from there through the mitral valve to the left ventricle. Finally blood is pumped through the aortic valve to the aorta and the systemic circulation..  The Conduction System Electrical signal begins in the sinoatrial (SA) node: "natural pacemaker." – causes the atria to contract. The signal then passes through the atrioventricular (AV) node. – sends the signal to the ventricles via the “bundle of His” – causes the ventricles to contract. The Conduction System High blood pressure is always a bad thing. True False ARTERIES CORONARY ARTERIES ARTERIES IN BRAIN  VEINS FUNCTION – AFTER BLOOD MOVES THROUGH THE ARTERIES IT ENTERS LARGER BLOOD VESSELS CALLED VEINS, WHICH CARRY BLOOD BACK TO THE HEART. CHARACTERISTICS THINNER WALLS WITH LESS MUSCLE HAVE ONE WAY VALVES TO HELP SHUNT BLOOD BACK TO THE HEART (why?) CARRIES DEOXYGENATED BLOOD (1 EXCEPTION) EXAMPLES – VENA CAVA, JUGULAR, LOCATION – NEAR MUSCLES (WHY)* VEINS Veins that look like the previous picture are not healthy. Agree Disagree VEINS VS. ARTERIES SPIDER VEINS RETICULAR VEINS VERICOSE VEINS  CAPILLARIES FUNCTION: WHERE MATERIAL (OXYGEN, NUTRIENTS, CARBON DIOXIDE, ENERGY) IS EXCHANGED BETWEEN BLOOD AND CELLS CHARACTERISTICS VERY SMALL WALLS ARE ONLY ONE CELL THICK DIFFUSION TAKES PLACE MOST ABUNDANT FOUND NEAR MUSCLE CELLS, ORGANS, ETC.* http://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html  CAPILLARIES http://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html  Order of blood vessels Heart-(aorta)-Arteries- Arterioles-capillaries-venules-veins (Vena Cava)-Heart Arterioles are larger than capillaries True False  Coronary Artery Disease Fatty deposits build up in blood vessel walls and narrow the passageway for the movement of blood. The resulting condition, called atherosclerosis often leads to eventual blockage of the coronary arteries and a “heart attack”.  Can occur in almost any artery in the body. But in the heart it’s effects can be crucial. If the coronary arteries become blocked, the cardiac muscle begins to fail  Treatment 1) Angioplasty a balloon catheter is passed through the guiding catheter to the area near the narrowing. A guide wire inside the balloon catheter is then advanced through the artery until the tip is beyond the narrowing. balloon is inflated, compressing the plaque against the artery wall  Treatment 2) Bypass surgery healthy blood vessel is removed from leg, arm or chest blood vessel is used to create new blood flow path in your heart the “bypass graft” enables blood to reach your heart by flowing around (bypassing) the blocked portion of the diseased artery.