NUR3065 Health Assessment Exam 3 Study Guide PDF

**[Exam 3 Study Guide:]** 1\. Order of Assessment for Abdominal Physical Examination (ATI) \- Inspection: Look for distention, scars, bruising, or other abnormalities. \- Auscultation: Listen for bowel sounds and vascular sounds (e.g., bruits). \- Percussion: Assess for tympany and dullness to i...

**[Exam 3 Study Guide:]** 1\. Order of Assessment for Abdominal Physical Examination (ATI) \- Inspection: Look for distention, scars, bruising, or other abnormalities. \- Auscultation: Listen for bowel sounds and vascular sounds (e.g., bruits). \- Percussion: Assess for tympany and dullness to identify gas, fluid, or masses. \- Palpation: Light palpation to assess tenderness, then deeper palpation for masses or organ enlargement. 2\. Technique for Abdominal Examination to Detect Tenderness (ATI) \- Use light palpation to check for tenderness and then deeper palpation to detect masses. \- Avoid palpating over painful areas first to avoid causing further pain. 3\. Signs of Appendicitis (ATI) \- Classic signs: Right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain, rebound tenderness, and guarding. \- Special tests: \- McBurney\'s Point tenderness \- Rovsing\'s sign (pain in RLQ when palpating LLQ) \- Psoas sign (pain with leg extension on the right side) \- Obturator sign (pain with internal rotation of the right hip) 4\. Sound Heard When Auscultating Arteries (ATI) \- Bruits: These are abnormal, high-pitched sounds indicating turbulent blood flow, often due to narrowing of arteries (e.g., abdominal aortic aneurysm). 5\. Organ Locations within Abdominal Quadrants (ATI) \- RUQ: Liver, gallbladder, duodenum, head of pancreas. \- LUQ: Spleen, stomach, pancreas. \- RLQ: Appendix, cecum, right ovary. \- LLQ: Left ovary, sigmoid colon. 6\. Obturator Sign Technique (ATI) \- Flex the patient's right hip and knee, then internally rotate the hip. Pain in the RLQ suggests appendicitis. 7\. Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) (ATI) \- Abdominal pain or discomfort, bloating, diarrhea, and/or constipation. \- Symptoms often relieved by defecation. 8\. Expected Findings for Abdominal Percussion (ATI) \- Tympany: Normal over the stomach and intestines (gas). \- Dullness: Over solid organs like the liver or spleen or fluid-filled areas like ascites. \-\-- 1\. Signs of a Urinary Tract Infection (ATI) \- Painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency/urgency, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, lower abdominal pain, hematuria, fever, and chills. 2\. Signs of Hepatitis A, B, and C Transmission and Symptoms (ATI) \- Hepatitis A: Fecal-oral transmission, jaundice, fatigue, nausea. \- Hepatitis B: Bloodborne, sexual contact, fatigue, jaundice, dark urine. \- Hepatitis C: Bloodborne, often asymptomatic until advanced liver disease (cirrhosis, liver cancer). 3\. Differences Between Syphilis, Genital Herpes, Condylomata Acuminata, and Penile Carcinoma (ATI) \- Syphilis: Chancre (painless ulcer). \- Genital Herpes: Painful, fluid-filled blisters, recurrent outbreaks. \- Condylomata Acuminata (genital warts): Caused by HPV, warty growths. \- Penile carcinoma: Firm, ulcerated lesion, typically non-painful. \-\-- 1\. Breast Characteristics Assessed with Both Arms at Patient\'s Side (ATI) \- Symmetry, contour, and any skin changes (e.g., dimpling or puckering). 2\. Cancerous vs. Non-Cancerous Breast Mass (ATI) \- Cancerous: Hard, irregular shape, fixed to the tissue, non-tender. \- Non-cancerous: Smooth, mobile, tender, round or oval shape. 3\. Palpation Technique for Breast Examination (ATI) \- Use the pads of fingers, examine in a systematic pattern (circular, vertical, or radial). 4\. Risks of Breast Cancer (ATI) \- Family history, genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1, BRCA2), age, personal history, hormonal therapy, alcohol use, obesity, lack of exercise. 5\. Red Flags During Breast Examination (ATI) \- New or unusual masses, skin dimpling, nipple discharge (especially blood), changes in size or shape. \-\-- 1\. Rheumatoid Arthritis (ATI) \- Chronic inflammatory disorder affecting joints, especially in hands and feet. Causes pain, swelling, stiffness, and deformity. 2\. Range of Motion Terms (ATI) \- Flexion: Decreasing the angle between body parts (e.g., bending the elbow). \- Extension: Increasing the angle between body parts (e.g., straightening the elbow). \- Abduction: Moving away from the body's midline. \- Adduction: Moving toward the body's midline. \- Inversion: Turning inward (e.g., turning the foot inward). \- Eversion: Turning outward (e.g., turning the foot outward). 3\. Positive Tinel's Sign (ATI) \- Tapping over the median nerve at the wrist causes tingling or pain in the fingers, indicating carpal tunnel syndrome. 4\. Heberden's and Bouchard's Nodes (ATI) \- Heberden's nodes: Bony growths at the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP) in osteoarthritis. \- Bouchard's nodes: Bony growths at the proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP) in osteoarthritis. 5\. Assessing Deep Tendon Reflexes (ATI) \- Use a reflex hammer, tap the tendon (e.g., patellar tendon), and observe for normal responses (e.g., knee jerk). Test reflexes at the biceps, triceps, patellar, and Achilles tendons. \-\-- 1\. Suspecting Meningeal Irritation (ATI) \- Signs: Neck stiffness (nuchal rigidity), headache, fever, photophobia, positive Brudzinski and Kernig signs (pain with flexion of the neck or leg). 2\. Decorticate vs. Decerebrate Postures (ATI) \- Decorticate: Flexion of arms and extension of legs (suggests damage to the corticospinal tract). \- Decerebrate: Extension of arms and legs (suggests damage to the brainstem). 3\. Graphesthesia and Stereognosis (ATI) \- Graphesthesia: Ability to recognize numbers or letters written on the skin. \- Stereognosis: Ability to recognize objects by touch. 4\. Identifying Signs and Symptoms of a Stroke (ATI) \- Sudden numbness or weakness, especially on one side, confusion, trouble speaking, or difficulty understanding speech, trouble walking, dizziness. 5\. Different Types of Tremors (ATI) \- Resting tremor: Seen in Parkinson's disease, occurs when the body part is at rest. \- Action tremor: Occurs with voluntary movement, as in essential tremor. 6\. Cauda Equina Syndrome (ATI) \- A serious condition where the lower spinal cord nerves are compressed, causing severe back pain, loss of sensation in the lower extremities, and bowel or bladder dysfunction. \-\-- 1\. HPV Vaccine and Cervical Cancer (Bates) \- The vaccine protects against HPV types 16 and 18, which are responsible for most cases of cervical cancer. 2\. Risks of Prostate Cancer (ATI) \- Family history, age (risk increases after 50), African American ethnicity, high-fat diet, and sedentary lifestyle. 3\. Torsion of the Spermatic Cord (ATI) \- A medical emergency causing severe scrotal pain, swelling, and nausea, typically due to a twisting of the spermatic cord. 4\. Herpes Simplex 2 (ATI) \- Causes genital herpes with painful, recurrent outbreaks of blisters and sores. 5\. Differences in Vaginitis Types (ATI) \- Trichomonas Vaginitis: Frothy, greenish-yellow discharge, dysuria. \- Candida Vaginitis: Thick, white discharge, itching. \- Atopic Vaginitis: Caused by allergies, leads to irritation and discharge. \- Bacterial Vaginosis: Thin, grayish discharge with a fishy odor. 6\. Signs of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) (ATI) \- Difficulty starting urination, weak stream, frequent urination, nocturia, sensation of incomplete emptying.