NSTP Major Examinations Reviewer PDF

NATIONAL TRAINING SERVICE PROGRAM MAJOR EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Lessons 1 and 2), and the Supplementary Readings nation-building, promoting...

NATIONAL TRAINING SERVICE PROGRAM MAJOR EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Lessons 1 and 2), and the Supplementary Readings nation-building, promoting CHAPTER ONE their well-being, patriotism, and involvement in public What is NSTP? and civic affairs. Definition - NSTP: National Service Training Quick History of NSTP Program - The National Service Training I. 1912 Program, mandated by Republic - The Philippine Constabulary Act 9163, is a mandatory one-year started conducting Military course for all freshmen in Training at the University of the universities and colleges in the Philippines. Philippines. II. 1922 - The National Service Training - The first ROTC unit was Program is a course mandated by established at the University of law. the Philippines. - Republic Act 9163 III. 1936 established the National - Commonwealth Act I (National Service Training Program for Defense Act) was signed, giving Tertiary Level students to the ROTC instruction a legal foster civic consciousness, basis. nationalism, and public - All ROTC units were under involvement among the the Philippine Army’s youth. supervision. - Article I Section III: IV. 1939 The program - President Manuel L. Quezon enhances youth signed the National Defense Act consciousness and through Executive Order No. defense 207. preparedness by developing service V. 1944 ethics and patriotism - Many ROTC graduates played an through training in essential role in the country's three components, defense during World War II. promoting active contribution to the VI. 1980 general welfare. - President Ferdinand Marcos - It is also mandated in our Philippine signed Presidential Decree No. Constitution. 1706, or the National Service - Section XIII, Article II of the Law (NSL), making it 1987 Constitution: The MANDATORY for all citizens State acknowledges the with its three components: significance of youth in Mallillin, Joshua Angelo A. (LTS - L-AB-2) P.S. This QUICK reviewer is only supplemental and does not ensure that it covers all topics.  NATIONAL TRAINING SERVICE PROGRAM MAJOR EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Lessons 1 and 2), and the Supplementary Readings improving health, education, - Civic Welfare Service environment, entrepreneurship, - Law Enforcement safety, recreation, and citizen Service morals, contributing to overall - Military Service community improvement. VII. 1986 LTS - The NSL was suspended by - The Literacy Training Service then President Corazon Aquino (UNDER THE UST SIMBAHAYAN through Memorandum No. 11 OR OFFICE OF COMMUNITY VIII. 1996 DEVELOPMENT) is a program that - Expanded ROTC was trains students in literacy and implemented, similar to the NSL, numeracy skills for school children, but is no longer required for all out-of-school youth, and other students. societal segments. IX. 2002 - Mark Welson Chua, a second-year Engineering student, Good Citizenship Values exposed the corruption and anomalies in the University’s Pagkamaka-Diyos ROTC unit. - Faith in God, respect for life, order, - On March 18, his body was found work, and concern for family and lifeless on the Pasig River. future generations are essential - The death of Mark Welson Chua aspects of a healthy life. paved the way for the passage of the NSTP law. Pagkamaka-Tao - Love, freedom (independence and democracy), peace, truth, and justice. NSTP Components ROTC Pagkamaka-Bayan - Reserved-Officers’ Training Corps - Unity, equality, respect for law and (UNDER THE OFFICE OF STUDENT government, patriotism, and aim AFFAIRS) is a military program towards the common good. designed to equip students with the necessary skills and knowledge for Pagkamaka-Kalikasan national defense preparedness. - Concern for the environment. CWTS –END OF CHAPTER ONE– - The Civic Welfare and Training Service (UNDER THE UST SIMBAHAYAN OR OFFICE OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT) focuses on community welfare programs, enhancing facilities, and Mallillin, Joshua Angelo A. (LTS - L-AB-2) P.S. This QUICK reviewer is only supplemental and does not ensure that it covers all topics.  NATIONAL TRAINING SERVICE PROGRAM MAJOR EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Lessons 1 and 2), and the Supplementary Readings - Thomasian identity is rooted in Catholic teachings, Dominican CHAPTER TWO tradition, and Thomasian Ideals, characterized by faith-rational Me as Human, Unique, and Special integration, cultural appreciation, Discussion education excellence, community - We are humans possessing engagement, past gratitude, and DIGNITY (not something but future hope. someone). - The Catholic Faith is where the - Humans have a material body and Thomasian Identity is rooted. spiritual soul, which remains immortal after death. Our intellect Thomasian Inspirations and will distinguish us from others, protecting dignity through our will. ST. DOMINIC DE GUZMAN St. Dominic, born into a noble family in Human Dignity Caleruega, Spain, grew up with a strong - Human dignity is a unique gift that heart for people experiencing poverty. instills worth and inviolability in our lives, and we should protect and Study promote it. - St. Dominic founded the Order, - It is a precious gift from God, and focusing on developing a study regardless of skin color, gender, or program to achieve its mission of social status, we possess worth as preaching and saving souls, individuals. aiming to find the truth. Empathy Active Involvement - The building block of morality. - Dominicans actively share their - It enables you to understand one’s contemplation among people, thoughts, feelings, and conditions preaching the truth of their faith from their point of view rather than and being committed to saving from your own. souls. St. Dominic himself carried the motto VERITAS (TRUTH) on foot. The Thomasian Identity Fidelity “Thomasian identity aims to nurture a - St. Dominic's devotion to the vibrant faith ecosystem towards forming Catholic Church influenced Thomasians in the spirit of Catholic Dominican ideals, emphasizing Educational principles, Dominican tradition, the pursuit of truth through and Thomistic ideals.” contemplation and sharing its fruits with others. Discussion Mallillin, Joshua Angelo A. (LTS - L-AB-2) P.S. This QUICK reviewer is only supplemental and does not ensure that it covers all topics.  NATIONAL TRAINING SERVICE PROGRAM MAJOR EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Lessons 1 and 2), and the Supplementary Readings Prayer in Cologne, earning the nickname - St. Dominic understood that being "dumb ox" due to his quiet holy requires constant demeanor. At 22, he taught in communion with God, nurturing Cologne and published his first one's faith through prayers, and works. He was sent to Paris, fostering steadfastness in one's where he became a priest and actions. received his doctorate at 31. Simplicity and Evangelical Poverty Passion and Greatness - In the 13th Century, Dominicans, - A brilliant theologian, St. Thomas mendicant friars, lived simply, wrote twenty hefty tomes and selling books to alleviate poverty preached frequently. He left the and maintain a life of holiness. "Summa Theologica" unfinished due to illness and death. He was ST. THOMAS AQUINAS canonized in 1323 and declared St. Thomas, the University's patron Saint, Doctor of the Church by Pope inspired Thomasians through his Pius V. dedication to the Dominican Order's ideals, making him a renowned scholar, Truth teacher, and saint. - St. Thomas remained persistent in his pursuit of truth despite Intelligence disagreements among his - At five, St. Thomas was placed followers, demonstrating an under the care of the Benedictines unwavering commitment to his of Monte Casino, and his teachers beliefs. were amazed by his remarkable progress in learning and virtue I. CATHOLIC practice. A. Vatican II Gravissimum Education (2965) Perseverance and Chastity B. Pope John Paul II, Ex Corde - Despite his family's opposition, Ecclesiae St. Thomas renounced worldly C. Congregation for Catholic pursuits and joined the Order of Education, The Identity of St. Dominic at 17. Despite the Catholic School for attempts to break his fidelity, he Culture of Dialogue (2022) persevered and was granted D. Dicastery for the Doctrine of perfect virtue, earning him the title the Faith Dignitas Infinitia of "Angelic Doctor." (2024) E. MISSION OF A CATHOLIC Meekness UNIVERSITY: - After a career in Naples, he 1. Service to the studied under St. Albert the Great Church and Society Mallillin, Joshua Angelo A. (LTS - L-AB-2) P.S. This QUICK reviewer is only supplemental and does not ensure that it covers all topics.  NATIONAL TRAINING SERVICE PROGRAM MAJOR EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Lessons 1 and 2), and the Supplementary Readings 2. Pastoral Ministry C. IDENTITY: The University of 3. Cultural Dialogue Santo Tomas, a Pontifical, 4. Evangelization Royal,and Catholic II. DOMINICAN University of the Philippines, A. OP LCO CHARISM is a Dominican Institution of B. The Works of St. Thomas learning founded in 1611. and other Dominican D. St. Thomas Aquinas Double Preachers Jubilee Celebration 1. UST remains a (2023-2025) Dominican legacy. E. Thomasian Core Values or 2. The charism of Order: Three C’s “Laudare, 1. COMPETENCE Benedicere, 2. COMPASSION Praedicare means 3. COMMITMENT to praise, bless, and F. Thomasian Graduate preach.” Attributes or the Thomasian C. The Dominican theological S.E.A.L. vision – understanding study 1. SERVANT LEADER at the service of the 2. EFFECTIVE preaching of grace, which COMMUNICATOR goes back to the Dominican AND himself. COLLABORATOR D. The University of Santo 3. ANALYTICAL AND Tomas-Manila, founded by CREATIVE THINKER Archbishop Miguel de 4. LIFELONG LEARNER Benavides, is a direct descendant of the MAN: Soul, Intellect, and Will Salamanca New World Process, a movement that Man's dignity stems from having a soul, seeks to continue its which gives him a spiritual nature and evolution and contribute to makes him like God. He shares intellect its legacy. and will with God and angels. Man's intellect allows him to search for truth, III. THOMASIAN work for others, and choose the good, A. The University of Santo but not all good things have the same Tomas, Asia's oldest quality. institution, is dedicated to following the teachings of St. –END OF CHAPTER 2– Tomas Aquinas, an Angelic doctor. B. MOTTO: Veritas in Caritate [Truth in Charity] ( Eph. 4:15) Mallillin, Joshua Angelo A. (LTS - L-AB-2) P.S. This QUICK reviewer is only supplemental and does not ensure that it covers all topics.  NATIONAL TRAINING SERVICE PROGRAM MAJOR EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Lessons 1 and 2), and the Supplementary Readings CHAPTER 3 National Concerns I. Health-Related Issues HEALTH: A complete physical, mental, and social well-being is not just the absence of - HIV, or human immunodeficiency disease or infirmity. virus, can lead to AIDS, a severe phase of HIV infection, causing an Mental Health increase in opportunistic infections - Mental health encompasses an due to damaged immune systems. individual's ability to enjoy life, - The Philippine HIV and AIDS balance life activities, and achieve Policy Act of 2018 (RA11166), psychological resilience despite the signed by President Duterte, aims absence of a mental disorder. to enhance accessibility to health - Threats to mental health services for HIV/AIDs in the include 1) Depression Philippines. leading to suicide and 2) The media as an influencing Drug Abuse factor. - Drug abuse is a harmful pattern of - Philippine Mental Health Law, or drug use affecting oneself or others. RA 11036, was signed in June It can lead to criminal behavior, 2018 by President Rodrigo long-term personality changes, and Duterte. criminal penalties. - Risk factors include biological, On HIV and Filipino Youth psychological, and social aspects, - Good sexual and reproductive with higher family prevalence. health involves complete physical, Parental substance abuse habits are mental, and social well-being, the most influential factor in a child's including safe sex life and substance abuse. reproduction. HIV is primarily - Research shows a rise in drug sexually transmitted, with abuse among Filipinos, particularly non-sexual transmission through among young people. Patterns breastfeeding. change rapidly, with millions using prohibited drugs. Males dominate, followed by females and LGBT users. The highest percentage is among 40-year-olds. Mallillin, Joshua Angelo A. (LTS - L-AB-2) P.S. This QUICK reviewer is only supplemental and does not ensure that it covers all topics.  NATIONAL TRAINING SERVICE PROGRAM MAJOR EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Lessons 1 and 2), and the Supplementary Readings - Underage drug abuse is "Ecstasy," is a popular club drug prevalent globally. among young adults, enhancing - OPIOIDS: The most harmful drug serotonin's effect on mood, type aggression, sexual activity, sleep, and pain sensitivity. Opiates/Narcotics - Opiates, used to relieve pain, can cause euphoria but can lead to Commonly abused drugs in the addiction due to their impact on Philippines brain regions that mediate pleasure. Marijuana - The most commonly abused drug Cocaine in the Philippines originated from - Cocaine, a stimulant derived from a plant called cannabis (Cannabis South American Coca plant sativa). leaves, affects the central nervous system. Cracked cocaine, a rock Methamphetamine hydrochloride or crystal, increases energy, reduces Shabu fatigue, and enhances mental - Methamphetamine HCL, also alertness, with a more intense known as "poor man's cocaine," "high" as it is easily absorbed. increases dopamine in the brain, causing euphoria, attention, activity, wakefulness, appetite, II. Issue on National Territory heartbeat, temperature elevation, Article 1 – 1987 Constitution and respiration, potentially leading The national territory of the Philippines to heart attacks. includes the Philippine archipelago, its terrestrial, fluvial, and aerial domains, Inhalants territorial sea, seabed, subsoil, insular - Inhalants, typically household shelves, and submarine areas, all of which products like nail polish remover, form part of its internal waters. glue, gasoline, cleaners, and nitrous oxide, contain China’s claim to sovereignty over the psychoactive vapors, often West Philippine Sea ingested by children and - The "U-shaped line" or "cow's adolescents, who are most likely tongue" represents China's territorial to abuse them. claims, causing a significant loss of 80% of the Philippines' Exclusive Ecstasy Economic Zone (also known as - Methylenedioxymethamphetamine EEZ/370 km) and 100% of its , or MDMA, also known as extended continental shelf. Mallillin, Joshua Angelo A. (LTS - L-AB-2) P.S. This QUICK reviewer is only supplemental and does not ensure that it covers all topics.  NATIONAL TRAINING SERVICE PROGRAM MAJOR EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Lessons 1 and 2), and the Supplementary Readings - This assertion, first depicted in - A Human Rights Watch 1948, is viewed with concern by investigation revealed that security and defense specialists. the Philippine National Police has repeatedly carried out A Landmark of Philippine Cartography: extrajudicial killings of drug Pedro Murillo Velarde's 1743 Map suspects, falsely claiming - Pedro Murillo Velarde's 1743 Map, self-defense. Masked known as the "Mother of All gunmen working closely with Philippine Maps," is a significant police have been implicated historical cartographic treasure in in the massacre. No one has the Philippines. been thoroughly investigated - It is the first known map to identify or prosecuted for these the Scarborough Shoal by name, "drug war" killings. Human and its name, "panacot," means rights defenders in the "danger" in Tagalog, underscores Philippines face harassment, the location's strategic importance. death threats, and verbal abuse, with increased A Dispute in Progress difficulties in carrying out - In 2016, the International Tribunal for their activities under the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) ruled President Duterte. that China's sovereignty over 90% - SMALL SCALE: Shot of the South China Sea is invalid on the spot. under international law. - LARGER CARTEL: - The ruling ruled that China breached Remains at large. the Philippines' rights to fish and explore resources in the West On Environmental Justice Philippine Sea, which falls within the - Experts warn of climate change country's 370-kilometer exclusive affecting people, livestock, and economic zone. Despite the ruling, crops in the Philippines. In Q2 2023, China resists relinquishing control PAGASA recorded high heat index over the disputed territories. temperatures, leading to wetter monsoons and property damage. II. Current Governance Issues Mitigation policies and On Social Justice environmental justice are crucial for - Salus populi est suprema lex (the reducing climate change's effects welfare of an individual yields to that and protecting natural resources. of the community). - Threats to the Sierra Madre - EJK – IIt refers to deliberate killing Mountain Range without prior court authorization, - Global Forest Watch reports providing judicial guarantees that in 2001-2022, the recognized as indispensable by Philippines lost 89% of its civilized peoples. tree cover due to deforestation, primarily Mallillin, Joshua Angelo A. (LTS - L-AB-2) P.S. This QUICK reviewer is only supplemental and does not ensure that it covers all topics.  NATIONAL TRAINING SERVICE PROGRAM MAJOR EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Lessons 1 and 2), and the Supplementary Readings driven by urbanization, the ecosystem, disaster mitigation, commodity consumption, and Indigenous People. and agricultural shifts. - Climate Change and Human - Manila Waterworks and Rights Legal and Policy Sewerage Systems (MWSS) Framework in the Philippines Deputy Administrator Jose - The Philippines has several Dorado claimed only 15 laws recognizing the impact families will be affected by a of environmental practices dam. However, over 200 on fundamental human families, including rights, including life, water, representatives from the health, and a balanced Dumagat-Remontado ecology. These include the: indigenous group, joined a - 1987 Constitution, nine-day march in February - Rules of Procedure 2023 to express opposition for Environmental to the dam's construction. Cases, The project will affect - the Philippine ancestral forests, destroy Environmental Code biodiversity, submerge 291 (1977), hectares of woods, and - Clean Air Act (1999), endanger 100,000 residents - Ecological Waste downstream with massive Management Act flooding risks. (2000) - The Kaliwa Dam Project and - Clean Water Act illegal mining, logging, and (2004), Climate quarrying threaten Change Act (2009), biodiversity and rural - And the Disaster Risk livelihoods in the Sierra Reduction Act. Madre. Typhoon Karding caused P3.12 billion in Summary agricultural damage, - The Philippines faces numerous affecting 170,762 hectares national concerns, including and 108,594 farmers and territorial waters and extrajudicial fisherfolk. The dam's killings. Despite the lack of construction disrupts the governance solutions, citizens can ecological balance, promote social justice, equality, and displaces indigenous people, peace. Human rights organizations and puts the region at risk. and advocates work tirelessly to - In September 2009, former address these issues, often at President Benigno Aquino III significant risk. However, challenges declared September 26 as Save persist, and the fight for human Sierra Madre Day (Proclamation rights continues. Filipinos must No. 233) to honor its significance to stand together, demand Mallillin, Joshua Angelo A. (LTS - L-AB-2) P.S. This QUICK reviewer is only supplemental and does not ensure that it covers all topics.  NATIONAL TRAINING SERVICE PROGRAM MAJOR EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Lessons 1 and 2), and the Supplementary Readings accountability, and channel their recovery, focusing on infrastructure passion into positively impacting restoration, livelihood revitalization, society. Young people should and cultural restoration. consider contributing to the greater good and preserving the environment. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in the Philippines –END OF CHAPTER 3– CHAPTER 4 Terminologies HAZARD: A process, phenomenon, or Global and Local Frameworks in human activity that can lead to life loss, Disaster Risk Reduction and injury, health impacts, property damage, Management social and economic disruption, or environmental degradation. Discussion - The Sustainable Development Types of Hazards Goals are a blueprint for a 1. NATURAL HAZARDS: associated with sustainable future, aiming to end natural processes and phenomena poverty, combat inequalities, - GEOLOGICAL/GEOPHYSICAL combat climate change, promote HAZARDS: internal earth processes justice, and ensure no one is left like earthquakes, tsunamis, and behind. landslides. - The Philippine Disaster Risk - HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL Reduction and Management Act HAZARDS: originates from of 2010 aims to transform disaster atmospheric, hydrological, or governance from a response to a oceanographic occurrences such as comprehensive, multi-hazard, typhoons, flash floods, and drought. multi-stakeholder, interagency, and - BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS: originates community-based approach to risk from biological vectors such as reduction and recovery. pathogenic microorganisms, toxins, bioactive substances such as Sendai Framework bacteria, viruses, or parasites, as - In March 2015, world leaders well as vicious wildlife and insects, adopted the Sendai Framework for plants, and mosquitoes. Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 to reduce disaster risk 2. ANTHROPOGENIC HAZARDS: losses and strengthen disaster Human-induced hazards are primarily or governance. The framework entirely influenced by human activities and includes a Building Back Better choices. approach for post-disaster Mallillin, Joshua Angelo A. (LTS - L-AB-2) P.S. This QUICK reviewer is only supplemental and does not ensure that it covers all topics.  NATIONAL TRAINING SERVICE PROGRAM MAJOR EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Lessons 1 and 2), and the Supplementary Readings - TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS: Types of Capacities Originates from technological or 1. Economic/Human Resources industrial conditions, dangerous 2. Natural/Physical Resources procedures, infrastructure failures, 3. Political/Social Resources or specific human activities. - SOCIETAL HAZARDS: Inequality DISASTER RISK: and injustices stem from societal inability to address political, cultural, and economic systems. - SOCIO NATURAL HAZARDS: Combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. VULNERABILITY (WEAKNESSES): The Disaster risk is the potential negative individual's economic, physical, consequences of hazards interacting with environmental, material, social, and cultural vulnerable people, property, and localities. characteristics make them susceptible or Disasters occur when vulnerable vulnerable to the harmful effects of hazards. communities are exposed to natural, Vulnerability also refers to the pre-existing anthropogenic, or socio-natural hazards. conditions within a community that can be - High disaster risk occurs when the intensified and worsened during and after a probability of a: hazard. - hazard occurring is high, - the community's vulnerability Types of Vulnerabilities is high, 1. Economic/Personal - the community's exposure to 2. Physical/Environmental hazards is high, 3. Social and Organizational - and the community's capacity could be higher. EXPOSURE: The situation of people, infrastructure, housing, production What is a disaster? capacities, and other tangible human - Hazardous events disrupt a assets in hazard-prone areas. community or society's functioning, causing human, material, economic, CAPACITY (STRENGTH): Capacity refers and environmental losses due to to the collective strength, attributes, and exposure, vulnerability, and capacity resources within a group, community, conditions. society, or organization that can mitigate the adverse effects of disasters, prepare for Natural disasters are a MISNOMER emergencies, and recover from them. because: - The term "natural" often portrays NOTE: Increasing and strengthening the disasters as extraordinary, capacity of the community is the key to uncontrollable, and unpredictable, reducing the level of disaster risk. ignoring their political, social, Mallillin, Joshua Angelo A. (LTS - L-AB-2) P.S. This QUICK reviewer is only supplemental and does not ensure that it covers all topics.  NATIONAL TRAINING SERVICE PROGRAM MAJOR EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Lessons 1 and 2), and the Supplementary Readings environmental, and economic 3. Poverty, Marginalization, and context. Inequality - This view absolves decision-makers a. Filipinos are highly of responsibility for allowing people susceptible to disasters due to live in vulnerable conditions, to factors such as poverty, leading to disaster policies and hunger, inadequate income, strategies focusing on preventive unemployment, and illiteracy, measures rather than addressing which exacerbate their root causes and strengthening existing conditions and drive people's capacity. them into further poverty. 4. Development of Aggression and Environmental Degradation a. Development aggression Why is the Philippines VULNERABLE to involves systematic DISASTER? exploitation of indigenous 1. Geographical and physical people's land and resources, location leading to environmental a. The Philippines, located in degradation, human rights the western Pacific Ring of violations, and displacement, Fire, is susceptible to increasing vulnerability to earthquakes, volcanic disasters and loss of eruptions, and typhoons. It is livelihood. situated between the Eurasian and Pacific tectonic DISASTER RISK REDUCTION, plates, with seismic activity MANAGEMENT, AND SUSTAINABLE predicted to generate major DEVELOPMENT: Disaster risk reduction earthquakes in the near requires addressing structural vulnerabilities future. The country is also like poverty, marginalization, inequality, vulnerable to El Niño climate change, and development Southern Oscillation (ENSO) aggression while strengthening the capacity and drought due to its for sustainable development for all. location in the western part of the Pacific Ocean. 2. Climate change a. Climate change, characterized by changes in Community-Based Disaster Risk mean and variability of Reduction and Management properties, persists for Discussion decades or longer, - Community-Based Disaster Risk influenced by natural Reduction and Management processes, external forces, (CBDRRM) is a community-based and human activities. approach that reduces disaster risks Mallillin, Joshua Angelo A. (LTS - L-AB-2) P.S. This QUICK reviewer is only supplemental and does not ensure that it covers all topics.  NATIONAL TRAINING SERVICE PROGRAM MAJOR EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Lessons 1 and 2), and the Supplementary Readings by reducing vulnerability, increasing rescue services for their capacities, and managing resources needs. wisely. - The Rights-Based Participatory and Empowering Approach complements - Community members are at the CBDRRM by requiring the heart of decision-making and state to secure basic needs implementing their DRRM like shelter, clothing, and activities. food for disaster-affected families to claim rights. Gender Sensitive - The Universal Declaration of - Women face additional burdens Human Rights acknowledges all due to gender-related violence humans as born free and equal in and financial independence, often dignity and rights, regardless of limited to housekeeping or nationality, place of residence, child-rearing roles. CBDRRM and gender, national or ethnic origin, RBA acknowledge the need to color, religion, language, etc. address women's needs in all aspects of disaster risk The CBDRRM and RBA focus on the management. following: Proactive and Comprehensive Capacity Building - The focus is on implementing - Strengthens coping strategies, preventive and mitigating capacities, and resources in measures to prepare for disasters, vulnerable communities, enhancing the community's especially those with low literacy non-structural and structural rates, by providing basic capacities, and reducing knowledge on hazards, their vulnerabilities by addressing effects, and preparedness health, literacy, public awareness, measures. training, and community organizing. Inclusivity and responsiveness - Ensures no one is left behind, Collective promoting vulnerability and - Community mobilization accessibility while prioritizing encourages individuals to form services during disaster their organizations, which serve as situations. a testament to their capacity and - During disasters, enable them to achieve their plans individuals with disabilities and projects, strengthening their can access early warning capacities and claiming their systems, community rights. shelters, and search and Mallillin, Joshua Angelo A. (LTS - L-AB-2) P.S. This QUICK reviewer is only supplemental and does not ensure that it covers all topics.  NATIONAL TRAINING SERVICE PROGRAM MAJOR EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Lessons 1 and 2), and the Supplementary Readings members to learn and discuss Collaborative disaster mitigation, prevention, - The initiative promotes response, and rehabilitation collaboration among various strategies, aiming to gain public organizations, academic recognition through information institutions, and non-government campaigns, community dialogue, entities, fostering learning and and participatory learning. unity through shared scientific and a. DRRM Seminar of UST local disaster experiences. NSTP CWTS/LTS b. NSTP CWTS/LTS Activities of CBDRRM Resilience Schools 1. Community Disaster Risk c. Lumad Bakwit School in Assessment: Participatory activities UST involve community members in d. TUKLAS Innovation Labs identifying and analyzing hazards 3. Community Early Warning and that may affect their community and Risk Communication System: The assessing their vulnerabilities and system provides timely warnings to capacities, which determine the communities, enabling them to extent of hazard impact and help prepare and act appropriately to understand disaster causes. reduce harm or loss based on local a. Community Risk Assessment knowledge and community safety. is the initial step in disaster a. An effective risk planning. It involves all community-based early community members' warning system should be collective recognition and hazard-specific, target voice, particularly vulnerable group-specific, sectors, to collaborate and location-specific, brief (KISS: strengthen strategies to Keep it Short and Simple), address their vulnerabilities. and updated. It should be b. To facilitate community risk updated regularly, with assessment, listen, learn, specially assigned persons and treat poor people to disseminate the warning, respectfully. Use various and organized for methodologies like transparent dissemination. visualization, icebreakers, 4. Formation of Community-Based and interactive games. Be Organizations: Community flexible with people's members create organizations to priorities and schedules, reduce vulnerabilities and increase focusing on their needs capacities for disaster resilience rather than ours. with their officers, committees, and 2. Community Awareness, by-laws, ensuring sustainability and Education, and Advocacy: The self-management. activity encourages community Mallillin, Joshua Angelo A. (LTS - L-AB-2) P.S. This QUICK reviewer is only supplemental and does not ensure that it covers all topics.  NATIONAL TRAINING SERVICE PROGRAM MAJOR EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Lessons 1 and 2), and the Supplementary Readings –END OF CHAPTER 4– II. Children - Children are less equipped to handle disasters due to age physical, social, and psychological characteristics. They are more likely to be injured or lost and have limited resource access. In 2005, 17,000 Pakistani youth died, and 200 Guinsaugon schoolchildren were buried alive. - Disasters can cause behavioral and psychological issues in children and youth due to changes in their lives, disruptions in daily routines, and SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS OF increased exposure to violence and CHAPTER 4 abuse, such as drug dependence, domestic abuse, and child Vulnerable Sectors in the prostitution. Community - CAPABILITIES: Children demonstrate resilience by I. Women adapting quickly to new - Systemic gender inequality persists environments and using their in society, disempowering women curiosity to learn basic safety and girls through multiple measures like creating go responsibilities, gender bags and participating in stereotyping, and gender-based evacuation drills. violence. Women are expected to shoulder overlapping tasks, III. Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) subjected to less autonomy, and - Persons with disabilities (PWD) have disproportionately harmed by long-term physical, mental, physical, psychological, and sexual intellectual, or sensory impairments violence. that hinder their full participation in - CAPABILITIES: Women's society. They are also affected by awareness, social physical, social, cultural, and networking, community institutional barriers. Physical knowledge, and barriers include a lack of ramps, multi-tasking abilities make narrow entrances, slippery floors, them crucial in disaster risk negative behaviors leading to management, as exclusion, discrimination, and a lack demonstrated in HERstory's of opportunities for personal and study of single mothers in career growth. Kasiglahan Village. Mallillin, Joshua Angelo A. (LTS - L-AB-2) P.S. This QUICK reviewer is only supplemental and does not ensure that it covers all topics.  NATIONAL TRAINING SERVICE PROGRAM MAJOR EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Lessons 1 and 2), and the Supplementary Readings - CAPABILITIES: People with - CAPABILITIES: Indigenous disabilities actively Peoples have developed participate in reducing local knowledge of land, barriers, particularly during resources, health, and disasters, and their inclusion cultural practices, and their in Community Disaster Risk disaster planning methods Reduction and Management must be accounted for in (CDRRM) is crucial for CBDRRM. community survival and recovery. How Climate Change is Affecting IV. Older People Human Rights - Advanced age makes senior citizens 1. Right to life more vulnerable during disasters, as 2. Right to food they face limited evacuation 3. Right to water and sanitation capacity, inadequate resources, and 4. Right to health potential health issues like diabetes 5. Right to adequate housing and hypertension. In 2011, Japan's 6. Right to education earthquake and tsunami killed 56% 7. Right to a safe, clean, healthy, and of those 65 and older, while in 2013, sustainable environment despite only comprising 7% of the 8. Right to livelihood population, 38% of fatalities were 9. Right to take part in cultural life aged over 60. 10. Children’s rights - CAPABILITIES: Senior 11. Women’s rights citizens' experiences and 12. Rights of people with disabilities knowledge of past disasters 13. Rights of Indigenous people can inform strategies and programs for CBDRRM implementation. Empowering Students as Climate Action and Human Rights Activists V. Indigenous People 1. Advocacy initiatives - Indigenous Peoples are among the a. Petition letters poorest and most vulnerable sectors b. Investigations and legal of society due to historical and actions systemic discrimination and c. Campaigns exclusion from political and d. Volunteerism economic power. They lack access e. Camps and/or retreats to government social services, are f. Advocacy to the United exposed to climate change, and are Nations victims of displacement, food g. Bilateral meetings insecurity, and land grabbing. This weakens their capacity to deal with –END OF SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS– natural and anthropogenic hazards. Mallillin, Joshua Angelo A. (LTS - L-AB-2) P.S. This QUICK reviewer is only supplemental and does not ensure that it covers all topics.  NATIONAL TRAINING SERVICE PROGRAM MAJOR EXAMINATIONS REVIEWER Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4 (Lessons 1 and 2), and the Supplementary Readings Mallillin, Joshua Angelo A. (LTS - L-AB-2) P.S. This QUICK reviewer is only supplemental and does not ensure that it covers all topics.