Reviewer for National Service Training Program (NSTP) - GE1801 PDF

Reviewer for National Service Training Program (NSTP) - GE1801 1. Preamble:  The Filipino people, under the guidance of Almighty God, seek to build a just and humane society.  The government aims to establish a system that embodies national ideals, protects independence,...

Reviewer for National Service Training Program (NSTP) - GE1801 1. Preamble:  The Filipino people, under the guidance of Almighty God, seek to build a just and humane society.  The government aims to establish a system that embodies national ideals, protects independence, and promotes the general welfare.  Core values include justice, freedom, equality, and peace. 2. Duties and Responsibilities of a Filipino Citizen: According to the Citizen's Movement for a Federal Philippines (CMFP) Article V:  Loyalty, obedience, and cooperation: A Filipino must be loyal to the Republic, respect laws, and uphold public order.  Defense of the state: Every citizen has a duty to defend the state, serve in times of need, and cooperate with peace and order.  Civic duty: Citizens are obliged to vote in elections, promote national welfare, and actively participate in societal growth.  Service: Citizens must engage in programs that foster human and social development.  National solidarity: A Filipino must work to unite and ensure equality among all, regardless of gender, race, or creed. 3. The NSTP Law (R.A. 9163):  The NSTP aims to enhance civic consciousness and defense preparedness among youth.  It is compulsory for tertiary-level students and offers different program options such as the ROTC, CWTS, and LTS.  Objectives: o Encourage youth participation in national defense. o Instill civic responsibility, leadership, and social development. 4. Excerpt from R.A. 9163 (Section 2):  The law recognizes that the role of youth in nation-building is vital.  NSTP focuses on preparing the youth to defend the country and promoting their participation in public and civic affairs. 5. Conclusion: The NSTP provides an avenue for students to contribute to the welfare of the community and the nation, fostering a sense of responsibility and active citizenship. The Three Program Components of NSTP Law:  Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC): o Focuses on providing military training to students. o Aims to motivate and mobilize them for national defense preparedness.  Literacy Training Service (LTS): o Designed to train students to become teachers of literacy and numeracy skills, especially in underprivileged communities.  Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS): o Focuses on community service projects aimed at improving the general welfare and the quality of life for community members. Coverage of the Law:  Who is covered? o All male and female undergraduate students enrolled in any baccalaureate degree or at least two-year technical-vocational courses in public and private institutions.  Program Requirements: o The NSTP program is a compulsory requirement for graduation. o Students in higher education institutions must complete at least one NSTP component.  ROTC Exemptions: o Institutions with no ROTC programs are exempt from offering it, but students may still choose to enroll in ROTC in other institutions offering the program. Exemptions from the Law:  Who is exempted? o Students who have already completed a similar course. o Foreign students or those from the PMA, PNPA, and other specialized institutions. Duration and Equivalent Course Unit:  Each NSTP component requires one academic year (two semesters), which can be taken in any approved format such as weekly meetings or training camps. Evolution of the NSTP Law (R.A. 9163):  Historical Background: o The idea of military training for students dates back to 1912, during the American occupation. o The ROTC was formally implemented by Commonwealth Act No. 1, also known as the National Defense Act in 1935, which required mandatory military training for all able-bodied male citizens.  Relevant Amendments:  o Presidential Decree No. 1706 introduced National Service Law, requiring service in military, civic welfare, or law enforcement. o Republic Act 7077 further emphasized the role of citizens in defense, particularly among reservists.  Creation of NSTP: o In response to evolving societal needs, R.A. 9163 (2001) was passed to provide students with a choice among ROTC, LTS, and CWTS, promoting civic duty and responsibility alongside military training. Environmental Education: Key Concepts and Principles Definition of Environment  The term "environment" comes from the French word environ, meaning "surrounding."  The environment includes all living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) factors. Biotic and Abiotic Factors  Biotic Factors: Living organisms like humans, animals, plants, bacteria, etc., which interact within ecosystems. o Producers: Organisms like plants that produce food via photosynthesis. o Consumers: Organisms that eat producers or other consumers. o Decomposers: Bacteria and fungi that break down dead matter, recycling nutrients.  Abiotic Factors: Non-living elements like sunlight, water, air, and temperature that affect living organisms. The Four Major Components of the Environment 1. Hydrosphere: Includes all forms of water on Earth such as oceans, rivers, and glaciers. 2. Lithosphere: Earth's outer layer, including rocks, soil, and land formations. 3. Atmosphere: The gaseous layer surrounding the Earth, composed of gases like nitrogen and oxygen. 4. Biosphere: The regions where life exists, including land, air, and water, and their interactions with living organisms. The Swann Environmental Principle 1. Nature Knows Best: Natural processes should not be disrupted by humans. 2. All Forms of Life Are Important: Every species, regardless of its size or role, is crucial to ecological balance.  3. Everything is Connected: Organisms rely on each other and the environment for survival. 4. Everything Changes: Environments are dynamic, but human activities often cause harmful, irreversible changes. 5. Everything Must Go Somewhere: Waste produced by organisms and humans cannot simply disappear; it impacts the environment. 6. Ours is a Finite Earth: Earth has limited resources, and conservation is vital. 7. Nature is Beautiful, and We Are Stewards of God's Creation (Ang kalikasan ay maganda at tayo ang tagapangalaga ng lahat na nilikha ng Diyos) o Humans are the only species made in God's image, given dominion over all creation. o We are responsible for managing natural resources wisely and justly. o Human actions should not lead to the destruction of the environment, as all life depends on it. o If we fail in our role as stewards, the environment and humanity will suffer. Environmental Laws in the Philippines 1. Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System (Presidential Decree 1586) o Enacted in 1978, the EIS aims to assess the potential environmental impacts of projects. o Projects must undergo an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to evaluate the risks and effects on the environment. o The law is designed to ensure that the development of infrastructure and industries considers ecological sustainability. 2. Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act (Republic Act No. 6969) o Enacted to manage and regulate the importation, distribution, use, and disposal of toxic chemicals. o Addresses the proper disposal of hazardous and nuclear wastes to prevent contamination. o Regulates the handling of radioactive waste produced by industries in the Philippines. 3. Clean Air Act (Republic Act No. 8749) o Focuses on reducing air pollution and improving air quality in the Philippines. o Enforces stricter emissions standards for industrial facilities, motor vehicles, and other pollution sources. o Includes measures for the continuous monitoring of air quality. 4. Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 9003) o Establishes policies and programs for solid waste management, including recycling and waste reduction. o Encourages community involvement and local government participation in waste management.  o Promotes proper segregation, collection, and disposal of solid waste. 5. Philippine Clean Water Act (Republic Act No. 9275) o Seeks to protect and conserve water resources such as rivers, lakes, and groundwater. o Regulates wastewater discharge from industries and households to prevent pollution of water bodies. o Advocates for water treatment systems and the sustainable use of water resources. 6. National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008 (Republic Act No. 9512) o Promotes environmental awareness through educational campaigns in schools, communities, and media. o The Department of Education (DepEd), CHED, TESDA, and other agencies are mandated to incorporate environmental education in their programs.