NRSG 200 Week 7 Reproductive System copy.pptx

NRSG 200 Applications and Interventions I Week 7: Reproducti ve System Personal Support Worker Date: June 19, 2024 Instructor...

NRSG 200 Applications and Interventions I Week 7: Reproducti ve System Personal Support Worker Date: June 19, 2024 Instructor: Angel Javonillo Agenda 1 QUIZ 2 2 10 Minute break 3 Functions of the Reproductive System 4 Male Reproductive System 5 The Female Reproductive System 6 Kahoot Unit Objectives List and describe the structures and functions of the male reproductive system. ◦ Describe and explain the hormones of male reproduction system including the effects of testosterone. List and describe the structures and functions of the female reproductive system. ◦ Describe and explain the hormones of the female reproductive cycle and the 2 reproductive cycles. ◦ Describe the structures of the breast.  3 Functions of the Reproductive System  Functions of the Reproductive System It produces, nurtures, Secretes and transports ova and sperm hormones What types of organs are involved? Primary 2 functions  Secretes Organs hormones and produce (Gonads) gametes. Organ types Other organs related to reproductive system, ducts and glands Secondary Organs Also help with nourishing (Accessory) and transporting the eggs and sperm. As well as a safe environment for the fertilized eggs. Primary Organs (Gonads) Gonad Gamet s es Ova Ovaries Primary (egg) Organs Testes Sperm  4 The Male Reproductive System 3 Roles of the Male Reproductive System Produce, nourishes and transports the sperm Deposits the sperm within the female reproductive tract Secretes hormones What organs are involved? Key Male Organ: Testicles Testes (testicles) Located in a sac between the thighs called the scrotum. The testes include structures: 2 lobules Functions: sperm cells Produce sperm Secrete testosterone Inside the Teste Sperm Production Process: SPERMATOGENESIS Each sperm cell contains 46 chromosomes Undergo mitosis producing 2 identical daughter cells (A and B) Daughter A will remain in the seminiferous tubules where it will become a stem cell Daughter B will ultimately Key Male Organ: Genital Ducts Genital Ducts: Vas Deferens 1. 2. Epididymis Vas Deferens and Tightly coiled and Ejaculatory Ducts Ejaculatory sits on top of the Continuous with Duct testis the epididymis 3. Epididymis Urethra Serves a purpose Urethra for both the reproductive and urinary system. Key Male Organ: Accessory Organs Accessory Glands Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland  Seminal Vesicles Prostate Gland Bulbourethral gland  Semen Mixture of sperm and fluids from the accessory glands It is a milky white liquid with an alkaline pH Helps with nourishing the sperm, transport and lubricate the reproductive tract 2-6 ml of semen is ejaculated But about 200-600 million sperm is released per ejaculation! This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA- External Genitals Scrotum and Penis Penis ◦Has 2 functions: carries urine through the urethra Penis and acts as the organ for sexual intercourse Scrotum ◦Sac or pouch of skin that contains the testicles Scrotu Male Sex Hormones (androgens) Testosteron Enlargement and development of the testes, Primary as well as other accessory organs such as the penis Increased hair growth to face, chest, axillary, and pubic region e Deepening of voice Thickening of skin and increased activity of oil and sweat glands Secondary Increased musculoskeletal growth and development of the male physique (broad shoulders, narrow waist) Hormonal Control Controlled primarily by the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland and testes. The hypothalamus secretes a releasing hormone that then stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete 2 gonadotrophins (Follicular stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone) FSH- promotes spermatogenesis LH- promotes development of the interstitial cells of the testes and the secretion of testosterone  5 The Female Reproductive System 3 Roles of the Female Reproductive Produces eggs Secretes hormones Nurtures and protects a developing fetus during pregnancy What organs are involved? Key Organ: The Ovaries The Ovaries: Egg development, ovulation and ovarian hormones Egg Development: The Ovarian Follicle Within the ovary there are many sacs called ovarian follicles Born with 2 million follicles, with time, it begins to decrease and by puberty there are about 400,000 follicles left. Each ovarian follicle contains an immature 30 MINUTES  Ovulation ◦Once a month, the ovarian follicle bursts and ejects a mature egg ◦The egg travels from the surface of the ovary and travels into the fallopian tubes then to the uterus. Key Organs: Genital Tract FA L LO P I A N T U B E S UTERUS VAG I N A Ovarian Hormones: Estrogen and Progesterone Ovarie s Progesteron Estrogen e Enlargement and Enlargement and development of Helps maintain development of breasts pregnancy the organs Disposition of fat under the skin, Prepares the Widening of the breast for milk especially in the pelvic production thighs, buttocks and breasts Closure of the Works with epiphyseal discs in estrogen during Menstrual cycle the long bones menstruation (yielding growth in height) Fallopian Tubes (Ovi ducts) About 4 inches long, funnel like shape Extends from the ovaries to the uterus (is not directly attached to the ovary) End of the fallopian tubes  fimbriae Moves in a sweeping motion isn’t as motile versus the sperm 2 functions: Transports the egg from the ovary to uterus Usual site of fertilization of the egg by the sperm Moves the fertilized egg through and to the uterus where it implants Takes 4-5 days Uterus (womb) Primary function: safe and nurturing environment for a growing fetus During pregnancy, the uterus grows in size. There are 3 parts Fundus, body, cervix Vagina 4 inch muscular tube that extends from the cervix to the vaginal opening Covered by a thin membrane - hymen External Genitals: Vulva, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibular glands Labia Majora ◦ 2 folds covered with hair Labia Minora ◦ Inner portion from the labia majora ◦ The labia prevents the mucous membranes from drying Clitoris ◦ Structure that resembles the penis ◦ Contains sensory receptors Vestibular Glands (Bartholin’s Glands) ◦ Secretes mucous containing substance that moisten and lubricates the vestibule In summary… If the egg Just like in is NOT Each the male fertilized, Unlike the month an hormonal the male egg is release, endometri hormonal produced, the al lining This control, FSH and the uterus hypothala no longer restarts female LH prepares mus needs to on the hormonal stimulate to receive secretes a nourish monthly secretion the the egg by releasing the fetus, basis occurs on ovaries building hormone so it the up a thick to secrete sheds in monthly endometri gonadotro the basis al lining pins FSH menstrual and LH flow  2 Female Reproductive Cycles OVARIAN CYCLE UTERINE CYCLE  2 Female Reproductive Cycles Follicular Phase Luteal Phase 1. Ovarian Hypothalamic secretion Follows ovulation Follicular cells rupture and Cycle of a releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates form corpus luteum LH stimulates the corpus the release of the gonadotropins by the luteum to secrete anterior pituitary gland progesterone and The follicle stimulating estrogen (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)stimulate maturation of the ovarian follicle which secretes estrogen Ends with a rise of LH on day 14 causing ovulation 2. Uterine Cycle ( “Period”) Menstrual Phase Bleeding Layer of the uterine wall leaves the uterus Proliferative Phase Begins at the end of the menstrual phase Repair and growth of the uterine wall Secretory Phase Caused by the secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum of the ovary Progesterone causes the uterine wall to thicken and prepares a nutritional environment for a fertilized egg. Egg is released If egg is not fertilized Hormonal Control of the Female Reproductive Cycle Menarche, Menses, Menopause Menarche Menses Menopause First menstrual bleed Menstrual periods until Complete stop of late 40s or early 50s menstrual periods Will gradually become irregular Breast and Mammary Glands Have a wonderful reading week!