Political Ideologies: Notes for Kate
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These are notes covering various political ideologies and key thinkers within these ideologies. Topics include socialism, liberalism, conservatism, and classical liberalism, as well as thinkers such as John Locke and Adam Smith. Also covered are the concepts of Marxism, capitalism, and class struggle.
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Spectrum: (In order from left wing to right wing) Communism Socialism ○ Planning - they would like a steering role for the economy, would like to manage free market ○ Common ownership ○ Equality of right and opportunity ○ Cradle to...
Spectrum: (In order from left wing to right wing) Communism Socialism ○ Planning - they would like a steering role for the economy, would like to manage free market ○ Common ownership ○ Equality of right and opportunity ○ Cradle to the grave programming - no matter what stage of life you’re in, if you need help there is a government program to help you Liberalism ○ Personal freedoms ○ Equality of individuals ○ Limited government - some part of your life is free from the government Conservatism Fascism People and where they fall on the political spectrum: John Locke Montesquieu ○ Theory of separation of powers ○ The different categories of government powers should be separate from and dependent upon each other so that the influence of one power should not exceed the other ones Adam Smith ○ Advocated for free markets ○ Invisible hand theory - an invisible hand guides the forces in an economy, supports minimal government involvement in free markets ○ I think he would fit into classical liberalism? John Stuart Mill ○ Advocated for equitable wealth distribution ○ Liberal theory on freedom that wanted limited state intervention and maximizing personal autonomy ○ Classic Liberal thinker Thomas Hobbes Other Ones: Classical Liberalism 1870’s-1930’s Freedom from interference from the government Free markets - no publicly owned businesses [no government owned businesses], not a lot of government regulation Limited government - private order, facilitate trade, very little regulation of the economy and little government activity in economy Classic Conservatism Marxism Political and economic theory developed by Marx Class struggle - capitalism created conflicts and a struggle between the bourgeoisie [wealthy elite] and the proletariat [working class] Capitalism is exploitative in nature and alienates workers Marx’s vision - predicts the downfall of capitalism
