Modern Liberalism and Conservatism PDF

MODERN LIBERALI SM Modern liberalism is an ideology developed by Thomas Hill Green favoring government intervention to correct economic and social ills. What you see here? An BY AS ideology gave LATE 19TH rise CEN., toFREE...

MODERN LIBERALI SM Modern liberalism is an ideology developed by Thomas Hill Green favoring government intervention to correct economic and social ills. What you see here? An BY AS ideology gave LATE 19TH rise CEN., toFREE THE another MARKET ideology. WAS NOT COMPLETELY SELF-REGULATING. THERE WAS A DRIFT TOWARD MONOPOLY, AS COMPETITION WAS IMPERFECT. A DRIFT TOWARD BIGNESS AND FEWNESS THE SYSTEM PRODUCED A VERY LARGE UNDERCLASS (THE POOR), WHILE BETTER- OFF FAMILIES GOT THE EDUCATION AND CONNECTIONS TO STAY ON TOP. Green rethought Adam Smith’s liberalism: He argued that: A free The goal of society liberalism was Economic development through Free Market took away freedom. HOW? CONTRA The classic liberals placed great store CTS in Agreements between consenting parties Who are the parties of the contract? A poor employee A rich A poor person employer desperate for a job. It is clear that the BARGAINING POWER of the two parties of the contract are UNEQUAL “If you don’t like the deal, don’t take it” Does the employee have a choice to What was the answer of classic liberalism? LET IT Green argues: BE It is the time for the government to interfere. It is a denied Green question the of government NEGATIVE FREEDOM protection. calling for a POSITIVE one. Meaning The government was to interfere in economic activities to guarantee the freedom to live at an adequate level. While Classic Liberalism expelled government from the marketplace, Modern Liberalism brought it back in. WHY modern liberalism brought the government back in the marketplace? To protect the people from a sometimes unfair economic Modern liberalism system. championed: *Wage laws, * Working hour laws, * the right to form unions, * unemployment insurance, * health insurance, * improved educational opportunities. From the point of view of modern liberalism, the government should: - place more taxies on the rich than on the working class. - regulate banking and finance systems to control the boom-and-bust cycle. This was the liberalism of Presidents Woodrow Wilson and Franklin D. Roosevelt. 1932-1945 1913-1921 What distinguishes modern liberalism from classical liberalism? A. Modern liberalism argues for less regulation by government. B. Modern liberalism maintains that markets are self-regulating. C. Modern liberalism emphasizes positive freedoms. D. Modern liberalism stresses the importance of religious traditions.  Classic Conservati sm IDEAS OF EDMUND BURKE WERE/ARE CAL CLASSIC CONSERVATISM AS ADAM SMITH, BURKE VIEWS FREE MARKET AS “THE BEST ECONOMIC SYSTEM” BURKE ARGUES THAT: LIBERALS PLACE TOO MUCH CONFIDENCE IN HUMAN REASON. BUT FOR HIM, PEOPLE ARE PARTLY An ideology devised in one place may become distorted when applied to another place (different circumstances) With the American revolution, the British colonizers left, Liberalism fell into place in the United States easy without resistance. That was not the case in France after the revolution What was in France that was not in the United States? Actually, two things: A state- A large supported plu aristocratic s Roman class Catholic Church Both have a lot to lose. They have to resist change, And they resisted. Since people are partly rational and partly irrational, according to Edmund Burke, they must be contained. To contain them, societies overStandar Traditio centuries Instituti developed: + + ds of ns ons morality What the revolutionists did in France? In their attempt to solve societal Burke argues, with sweeping these aside, humans irrational impulses will burst out. This will lead to chaos and tyranny far worse than the old system. As Burke predicted, A military dictatorship will be established in France. And it did happen:  For Burke, Currently existed traditions, institutions, and standards ofall Can not be morality bad WHY? Simply because they are the products of hundreds of years of trial and error. The best should be PRESERVED. That is to say, should be CONSERVED Things should be changed, but gradually. To give people time to adjust to what they used to. Burke said: “A state without the means of some change is without the means of its conservation” Burke cleared out a lot of things: 1)The irrationality in human behavior, 2)Institution are like living things (they grow and adapt over time) 3) That revolutions end badly (society cannot be instantly remade according to human reason). Burke ideas aimed at ……………….. Shooting down radicalism engulfing France at that time.  Modern Conservatis m THOSE WHO STAYED TRUE TO THE IDEAS OF ADAM SMITH ARE TODAY CALLED CONSERVATIVES IN U.S. WHILE THEY STILL CALLED LIBERALS IN EUROPE. AMERICAN CONSERVATISM WAS GIVEN A BIG BOOST BY: MILTON FRIEDMAN (1912-2006) FRIEDMAN ARGUES THAT: * THE FREE MARKET IS STILL THE BEST * THAT ADAM SMITH WAS RIGHT * THAT WHEREVER GOVERNMENT Modern conservatism then is a blend of the economic ideas of Adam Smith & the traditionalist ideas of Edmund Burke WHAT THEY GOT FROM ADAM SMITH? Modern conservatives believe that all markets are honest and self- correcting (more than government regulations). They “worship” the market more U.S. Republicans assume that markets are more efficient than government programs. WHAT THEY GOT FROM EDMUND BURKE? They got from him a concern for tradition (especially religion) Modern conservatives oppose special  Modern Conservatis m THOSE WHO STAYED TRUE TO THE IDEAS OF ADAM SMITH ARE TODAY CALLED CONSERVATIVES IN U.S. WHILE THEY STILL CALLED LIBERALS IN EUROPE. AMERICAN CONSERVATISM WAS GIVEN A BIG BOOST BY: MILTON FRIEDMAN (1912-2006) FRIEDMAN ARGUES THAT: * THE FREE MARKET IS STILL THE BEST * THAT ADAM SMITH WAS RIGHT * THAT WHEREVER GOVERNMENT Modern conservatism then is a blend of the economic ideas of Adam Smith & the traditionalist ideas of Edmund Burke WHAT THEY GOT FROM ADAM SMITH? Modern conservatives believe that all markets are honest and self- correcting (more than government regulations). They “worship” the market more U.S. Republicans assume that markets are more efficient than government programs. WHAT THEY GOT FROM EDMUND BURKE? They got from him a concern for tradition (especially religion) Modern conservatives oppose special