Treaties and Indian Act Test Review PDF

**[Treaties and Indian Act Test Review]** **[Trick or treaty]** **[Treaties and acts]** **[Cede, Yield and surrender]** **[We are all treaty people]** **[The indian act slides]** **[The indian act of Canada Reading and Questions]** **[Clauses in the indian act]** **[The indian act webquest]*...

**[Treaties and Indian Act Test Review]** **[Trick or treaty]** **[Treaties and acts]** **[Cede, Yield and surrender]** **[We are all treaty people]** **[The indian act slides]** **[The indian act of Canada Reading and Questions]** **[Clauses in the indian act]** **[The indian act webquest]** +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Treaty | Peace and | The Numbered | Unceded Land | | | Friendship | Treaties: | | | Treaties are | Treaties | | Unceded land is | | important to | | Are 11 | land that was | | aboriginal | The piece and | agreements | taken by | | people why: | friendship | between the | settlers | | | agreements were | Crown and First | without | | Bc they | signed between | Nations | compensation. | | guarantee | settlers on | (1871-1921), | | | rights to land, | both sides of | allowing | | | culture and | the conflict to | settlers to use | | | practices like | secure fighting | land from | | | hunting and | allies or at | western Ontario | | | fishing. | least guarantee | to the Yukon. | | | | Indian | These treaties | | | They show that | neutrality. | promised | | | a nation exists | | reserve loans, | | | and that its | The British | money, and | | | people have | formalized | hunting\\ | | | rights | these | fishing rights. | | | | guarantees by | | | | Treaties are | writing them | They promised: | | | important to | down. | | | | non-aboriginal | | The right to | | | people why: | In 1752 the | hunt and fish | | | | Mi'kmaq grand | on treaty land | | | Bc they show | chief by the | | | | what Canada | name of Jean | Land for | | | must do to help | Baptiste Cope | indigenous use | | | Indigenous | had signed an | | | | people and make | agreement with | Payments | | | sure everyone | the governor of | | | | gets along. | NS These | Education | | | They also | agreements are | | | | regulate how | what are known | Continued | | | settlers use | as peace and | cultural | | | the land and | friendship | practices | | | resources. | treaties. | | | | | | They aimed to | | | | In 1993 Premier | assimilate | | | | John savage and | Indigenous | | | | Mi'kmaq Grand | peoples by | | | | chief Ben | introducing | | | | Sylliboy | European style | | | | announced that | education and | | | | october would | settlement | | | | be Mi'kmaq | patterns, which | | | | history month | disrupted | | | | is NS it | traditional way | | | | celebrates and | of life. | | | | gives thanks | | | | | for signing the | | | | | treaties of | | | | | peace and | | | | | friendship | | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | Cultural | Forced | Confederation | Annuities | | Assimilation | Assimilation | | | | | | There were a | The government | | Cultural | Forced | total of 31 | gives annual | | Assimilation | assimilation | indian treaties | money so they | | means adopting | means enforced | signed before | could buy | | the dominant | cultural change | Confederation | blankets and | | groups culture | through legal | in an attempt | tools to | | voluntarily | and systemic | to secure | survive the | | | oppression. | rights to what | winter. | | | | they called | | | | It led to loss | upper Canada. | This was also a | | | of culture, | | problem with | | | family | The | Enfranchisement | | | separation and | confederation |. | | | trauma across | is that a | | | | generations. | nation was | | | | | born, a young | | | | Children lost | nation among | | | | connection to | many older | | | | their heritage | nations and a | | | | and language. | new nationwide | | | | Families were | voracious | | | | forcibly | appetite for | | | | separated, | real estate. | | | | leaving a | | | | | legacy of | 1867 Canada | | | | emotional and | became a | | | | physical, | country. | | | | sexual abuse in | | | | | these schools. | Nova Scotia, | | | | | New Brunswick, | | | | | and | | | | | Newfoundland | | | | | joined Canada | | | | | in 1949. | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Constitution | Why was the | Three of the | What did Native | | Act: | Royal | tricks that | people think | | | Proclamation | were played on | they were | | The | important? 2 | the Natives in | agreeing to | | constitution | reasons | order to get | when dealing | | Act of 1867 | | them to agree | with land | | established | In 1763 Britain | to the treaties | during the | | Canada as a | issued The | | treaty | | confederation | royal | The treaty | negotiations? | | and gave the | proclamation. | terms were | | | federal | | misrepresented, | They thought | | government | It b became | for example, | they | | responsibility | instructions | oral agreements | surrendered | | for most | for british to | did not match | topsoil. They | | aboriginal | settle in | written ones, | understood what | | peoples and | Canada | Clauses were | was surrendered | | their land | | added after the | was top soil | | reserves. | It made it | signatures | because they | | | Official | without the | recognized as | | | illegal for | indigenous | Indian people | | | settlers to | leaders | that Europeans | | | claim land | knowing. And | Wanted to farm | | | occupied by | with language | it as part of | | | indigenous | barriers, | the | | | people unless | leaders | negotiations, | | | it was | couldn\'t | that\'s part of | | | purchased from | verify written | the agreements, | | | the crown | terms. | that\'s not in | | | (britain) | | the treaty but | | | | | it was talked | | | This meant | | about and it | | | people could | | was verbally | | | only buy land | | agreed. So when | | | from the crown, | | they talk about | | | who could only | | sharing the | | | buy that land | | land, when they | | | from indigenous | | talk about what | | | people. | | was | | | | | surrendered, | | | Royal | | that's all that | | | proclamation | | was | | | recognized | | surrendered. | | | first nations | | The right to | | | as actual | | come and use | | | Nation, which | | the topsoil, to | | | meant that | | farm and settle | | | Britain would | | it, that's what | | | deal Nation to | | was | | | nation in the | | surrendered. | | | future. | | | | | | | | | | First Nations | | | | | were not part | | | | | of the process | | | | | of creating | | | | | this | | | | | proclamation so | | | | | they had little | | | | | understanding | | | | | of what it | | | | | meant. | | | | | | | | | | They did not | | | | | speak english | | | | | which created | | | | | an unequal and | | | | | unfair process | | | | | | | | | | Although the | | | | | proclamation | | | | | recognized | | | | | indigenous | | | | | people, they | | | | | were still | | | | | being cheated | | | | | through | | | | | colonization, | | | | | no one from | | | | | Britain worked | | | | | with the | | | | | indigenous | | | | | people. | | | | | | | | | | It was signed | | | | | between the | | | | | British crown | | | | | and Indigenous | | | | | Nations. | | | | | | | | | | The | | | | | proclamation | | | | | said that the | | | | | British | | | | | settlers are | | | | | not allowed in | | | | | this territory | | | | | to settle, | | | | | British | | | | | settlers can\'t | | | | | buy land from | | | | | the Natives | | | | | without prior | | | | | approval from | | | | | the government. | | | | | | | | | | If the Natives | | | | | decide to sell | | | | | land they must | | | | | sell it to the | | | | | government who | | | | | will then sell | | | | | it to the | | | | | settlers. | | | | | | | | | | Important for | | | | | Mi'kmaq: | | | | | | | | | | A land base | | | | | confirmed | | | | | aboriginal | | | | | rights in the | | | | | maritimes | | | | | | | | | | Nationhood | | | | | "nations and | | | | | tribes with | | | | | whom we are | | | | | connected" | | | | | recognized the | | | | | Mi'kmaq as a | | | | | nation. | | | | | | | | | | Trusteeship as | | | | | a trustee, the | | | | | crown was | | | | | obligated to | | | | | handle the | | | | | affairs of the | | | | | First Nations | | | | | in a diligent | | | | | way. | | | | | | | | | | This document | | | | | is so important | | | | | because it | | | | | states that | | | | | land could not | | | | | be taken | | | | | without | | | | | agreements made | | | | | with Indigenous | | | | | people and only | | | | | the Crown could | | | | | purchase land | | | | | from them. And | | | | | it also | | | | | established | | | | | that lands, not | | | | | already under | | | | | British control | | | | | belonged to the | | | | | Native people. | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Four guarantees | \% of Canadian | When do the | Enfranchisement | | to the Native | land that has | treaties | | | people when | been dealt with | expire? Why? | Law where men | | they signed the | under treaties? | | could give up | | treaties? | | Every single | their status as | | | Modern treaties | treaty is still | indians and | | Treaties | cover | in effect, noit | became british | | guarantee | Indigenous land | one has | subjects | | rights to land, | ownership, | expired. | | | culture and | financial | Because they | Loose treaty | | practices like | transfers, | are living | rights | | hunting and | resource | documents, they | | | fishing. | management and | will probably | Lose access to | | | law making | always be the | reserves | | Early treaties | powers. They | subject of | | | were based on | cover 40% of | debate and | Loose hunting | | respect and | Canada. | interpretation. | and fishing | | aimed for | | | rights | | peaceful | | | | | coexistence and | | | Loose housing | | alliance. | | | | | | | | Loose health | | Lawmakers later | | | care | | used treaties | | | | | to justify the | | | Loose land | | enslavement of | | | | | indigenous | | | Loose annuities | | peoples, | | | | | enforcing | | | Loose money | | policies such | | | | | as land | | | Sone as a way | | surrender and | | | to "civilize" | | cultural | | | indigenous | | suppression. | | | | | | | | Loose support | | | | | from the | | | | | government. | | | | | | | | | | 1980's changes | | | | | to the Indian | | | | | act began and | | | | | with that the | | | | | end of | | | | | enfranchisement | | | | |. | | | | | | | | | | Enfranchisement | | | | | is the process | | | | | by which | | | | | Indigenous | | | | | undivuduals | | | | | were given | | | | | citizenship | | | | | rights under | | | | | Canadian law. | | | | | It often | | | | | required | | | | | abandoning | | | | | indigenous | | | | | status and | | | | | culture. | | | | | | | | | | Enfranchisement | | | | | was a way to | | | | | decrease | | | | | expenses by | | | | | removing | | | | | government | | | | | obligations. | | | | | | | | | | Forced | | | | | enfranchisement | | | | | required | | | | | indigenous | | | | | peoples to | | | | | abandon their | | | | | culture, | | | | | language, and | | | | | community ties, | | | | | aligning them | | | | | with settler | | | | | norms and | | | | | reducing | | | | | resistance. | | | | | | | | | | Gains with | | | | | Enfranchisement | | | | | : | | | | | | | | | | Could own land | | | | | | | | | | Could vote in | | | | | Government | | | | | elections | | | | | | | | | | Losses with | | | | | enfranchisement | | | | | : | | | | | | | | | | Could not live | | | | | on reserves | | | | | | | | | | Would loose all | | | | | treaty rights | | | | | including: | | | | | | | | | | -Would not | | | | | qualify for | | | | | government | | | | | payments under | | | | | the treaties | | | | | | | | | | -Would loose | | | | | identity and an | | | | | "Indian" under | | | | | the law | | | | | | | | | | -Would loose | | | | | hunting and | | | | | fishing rights | | | | | | | | | | Enfranchisement | | | | | was the process | | | | | of granting | | | | | Indains | | | | | canadian | | | | | citizenship if | | | | | they adopted | | | | | European | | | | | Canadian | | | | | culture and | | | | | values. It was | | | | | problematic | | | | | because it | | | | | required | | | | | Indians to give | | | | | up their Indian | | | | | Status, often | | | | | forcing them to | | | | | abandon their | | | | | cultural | | | | | identity and | | | | | traditions ; | | | | | they had no | | | | | treaty rights. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Amended | Indian Agent | The White Paper | 5 of the | | | | | clauses | | The Indian act | The Indian | -Prime Minister | outlined in the | | has been | agent is a | Pierre Trudeau | Indian Act | | amended for the | representative | released the | prior to 1951: | | better: | of the federal | White paper on | | | | government to | Indian policy | A person loses | | Removal of the | enforce | | Indian Status | | ban on | policies on | -It called for | if both their | | traditional | Canadian Native | complete | mother and | | ceremonies like | tribes. | assimilation of | grandmother | | the potlatch | | First nations | gained status | | and SunDance | The Indian | into Canadian | through | | | agent had | society | marriage. | | Right to vote | authority over | | | | in federal and | the Band | -The white | This rule had | | provincial | council and | paper proposed | an impact. | | elections | could remove | to: | | | (granted by | any of the Band | | It | | 1962) | Council members | Repeal the | discriminates | | | by claiming | indian act, | against | | Abolishment of | that he was not | ending federal | descendants, | | forced | doing a good | responsibility | splitting up | | enfranchisement | job. | to first | indigenous | | | | nations | communities. | | Indian women | Bylaw had to be | | | | marrying | approved by the | End Indian | The parlament | | non-Indians no | Indian agent. | status and | reworked the | | longer lose | | treaties | act in 1951 | | their status | Renamed First | eliminate | after WWII when | | (1985) | Nations | reserve land | Canadians | | | couldn't leave | | became more | | Reduction in | reserves | Transfer all | aware of the | | federal control | without | responsibilitie | poverty and | | their own | permission from | s | discrimination | | membership and | the Indian | for Aboriginal | faced by | | reserve | Agent. | people to the | aboriginal | | residency | | provinces | peoples. Public | | | Every decision | | concern and a | | Indians could | had to be | Indian | federal report | | no longer be | approved by the | organizations | led to the | | forced to give | Indian Agent. | protested the | removal of | | up their indian | | plan and it was | outdated and | | status | | dropped. | discriminatory | | | | | provisions. | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | When and why | When and why | What did the | What are three | | was the Indian | were there | Indian Act set | long term | | Act created? | finally | out to do? Was | impacts of The | | | amendments to | it effective? | Indian Act? | | The indian act | the Indian Act? | Why or why not? | | | was first | | | 1.Cultural | | passed in 1876 | The Indian Act | The Indian Act | suppression: | | and has | was reworked in | was created in | | | undergone | 1951 after WWII | 1876 to control | The act banned | | numerous | when Canadians | the lives, | traditional | | changes since | became more | lands and | ceremonies | | then | aware of the | identities of | languages and | | | poverty ad | Indigenous | governance | | The act gave | discrimination | peoples in | systems, | | the federal | faced by | Canada. | causing | | government | aboriginal | | significant | | total power | peoples. Public | It aimed to | cultural los | | over First | concern and a | assimilate | across | | nations and | federal report | Indigenous | generations | | their land. The | led to the | peoples into | | | purpose was to | removal of | settler society | 2.Economic | | encourage | outdated and | by erasing | Disadvantage: | | assimilation. | discriminatory | their cultures, | | | | provisions. | governance and | Prohibitions on | | The act was | | legal | land ownership | | paternalistic | | identities | and resource | | and treated | | while | use left many | | aboriginal | | centralizing | reserves | | people like | | government | economically | | children that | | control over | stagnant, | | need parents to | | Indigenous | creating | | look after them | | lands and | poverty and | | | | rights. | dependency | | The indian act | | | | | is not a treaty | | It was not | 3.Social | | and was not | | effective | inequalities: | | negotiated, it | | because many | | | was imposed on | | indigenous | Policies like | | Aboriginals by | | communities | denying status | | the government | | resisted the | to women who | | | | acts of | married | | Parliament | | assimilation | non-status men | | created the | | policies and | hurt their | | Indian Act in | | fought to keep | communities and | | 1876 to | | their | deepened gender | | consolidate the | | identities and | based | | numerous laws | | traditions. | inequalities. | | governing | | | | | Aboriginal | | Instead of | | | peoples and to | | integrating | | | maintain order | | indigenous | | | in relations | | peoples, the at | | | between whites | | caused cultural | | | and aboriginal | | destruction, | | | groups. The act | | economic | | | aimed to | | hardship and | | | assimilate | | trauma | | | Indians into | | | | | Canadian | | The act made | | | culture. | | systemic | | | | | inequality, | | | | | creating long | | | | | term challenges | | | | | rather than | | | | | resolving the | | | | | so called | | | | | Indian problem | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Why is the | | | | | Indian Act | | | | | still in | | | | | existence | | | | | today? Explain | | | | | at least three | | | | | reasons why. | | | | | | | | | | 1.Identity and | | | | | Legal benefits: | | | | | | | | | | The act | | | | | provides a | | | | | legal framework | | | | | for indigenous | | | | | identity | | | | | through status | | | | | registration, | | | | | which many rely | | | | | on to affirm | | | | | their rights | | | | | and access | | | | | specific | | | | | benefits. | | | | | | | | | | 2.Land | | | | | management and | | | | | Governance: | | | | | | | | | | It continues to | | | | | govern reserves | | | | | and band | | | | | structures, | | | | | making it | | | | | difficult to | | | | | repeasl without | | | | | alternative | | | | | systems. | | | | | | | | | | 3.Resistance to | | | | | structural | | | | | Change: | | | | | | | | | | Dismantling the | | | | | Cat would | | | | | require a shift | | | | | in how Canada | | | | | shares land, | | | | | resources, and | | | | | decision making | | | | | with indigenous | | | | | peoples, a | | | | | change many | | | | | canadian and | | | | | governments | | | | | won\'t agree | | | | | with- | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+