Treaties and Indian Act Test Review PDF

Treaties and Indian Act Test Review Trick or treaty Treaties and acts Cede, Yield and surrender We are all treaty people...

Treaties and Indian Act Test Review Trick or treaty Treaties and acts Cede, Yield and surrender We are all treaty people The indian act slides The indian act of Canada Reading and Questions Clauses in the indian act The indian act webquest Treaty Peace and Friendship The Numbered Treaties: Unceded Land Treaties Treaties are important to Unceded land is land that aboriginal people why: The piece and friendship Are 11 agreements was taken by settlers agreements were signed between the Crown and without compensation. Bc they guarantee rights between settlers on both First Nations to land, culture and sides of the conflict to (1871-1921), allowing practices like hunting and secure fighting allies or at settlers to use land from fishing. least guarantee Indian western Ontario to the They show that a nation neutrality. Yukon. These treaties exists and that its people The British formalized promised reserve loans, have rights these guarantees by money, and hunting\ writing them down. fishing rights. Treaties are important to non-aboriginal people In 1752 the Mi’kmaq They promised: why: grand chief by the name The right to hunt and fish of Jean Baptiste Cope on treaty land Bc they show what had signed an agreement Land for indigenous use Canada must do to help with the governor of NS Payments Indigenous people and These agreements are Education make sure everyone gets what are known as peace Continued cultural along. They also regulate and friendship treaties. practices how settlers use the land and resources. In 1993 Premier John They aimed to assimilate savage and Mi’kmaq Indigenous peoples by Grand chief Ben Sylliboy introducing European announced that october style education and would be Mi’kmaq history settlement patterns, month is NS it celebrates which disrupted traditional and gives thanks for way of life. signing the treaties of peace and friendship Cultural Assimilation Forced Assimilation Confederation Annuities Forced assimilation There were a total of 31 The government gives Cultural Assimilation means enforced cultural indian treaties signed annual money so they means adopting the change through legal and before Confederation in could buy blankets and dominant groups culture systemic oppression. an attempt to secure tools to survive the winter. voluntarily rights to what they called It led to loss of culture, upper Canada. This was also a problem family separation and with Enfranchisement. trauma across The confederation is that generations. a nation was born, a Children lost connection young nation among to their heritage and many older nations and a language. Families were new nationwide voracious forcibly separated, appetite for real estate. leaving a legacy of 1867 Canada became a emotional and physical, country. sexual abuse in these Nova Scotia, New schools. Brunswick, and Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949. Constitution Act: Why was the Royal Three of the tricks that What did Native people Proclamation important? were played on the think they were agreeing The constitution Act of 2 reasons Natives in order to get to when dealing with land 1867 established Canada them to agree to the during the treaty as a confederation and In 1763 Britain issued treaties negotiations? gave the federal The royal proclamation. government responsibility The treaty terms were for most aboriginal It b became instructions misrepresented, for They thought they peoples and their land for british to settle in example, oral agreements surrendered topsoil. They reserves. Canada did not match written understood what was ones, Clauses were surrendered was top soil It made it Official illegal added after the because they recognized for settlers to claim land signatures without the as Indian people that occupied by indigenous indigenous leaders Europeans Wanted to people unless it was knowing. And with farm it as part of the purchased from the crown language barriers, negotiations, that's part of (britain) leaders couldn't verify the agreements, that's not written terms. in the treaty but it was This meant people could talked about and it was only buy land from the verbally agreed. So when crown, who could only they talk about sharing buy that land from the land, when they talk indigenous people. about what was surrendered, that’s all that Royal proclamation was surrendered. The recognized first nations right to come and use the as actual Nation, which topsoil, to farm and settle meant that Britain would it, that’s what was deal Nation to nation in surrendered. the future. First Nations were not part of the process of creating this proclamation so they had little understanding of what it meant. They did not speak english which created an unequal and unfair process Although the proclamation recognized indigenous people, they were still being cheated through colonization, no one from Britain worked with the indigenous people. It was signed between the British crown and Indigenous Nations. The proclamation said that the British settlers are not allowed in this territory to settle, British settlers can't buy land from the Natives without prior approval from the government. If the Natives decide to sell land they must sell it to the government who will then sell it to the settlers. Important for Mi’kmaq: A land base confirmed aboriginal rights in the maritimes Nationhood “nations and tribes with whom we are connected” recognized the Mi’kmaq as a nation. Trusteeship as a trustee, the crown was obligated  to handle the affairs of the First Nations in a diligent way. This document is so important because it states that land could not be taken without agreements made with Indigenous people and only the Crown could purchase land from them. And it also established that lands, not already under British control belonged to the Native people. Four guarantees to the % of Canadian land that When do the treaties Enfranchisement Native people when they has been dealt with under expire? Why? signed the treaties? treaties? Law where men could Every single treaty is still give up their status as Modern treaties cover in effect, noit one has indians and became Treaties guarantee rights Indigenous land expired. Because they british subjects to land, culture and ownership, financial are living documents, Loose treaty rights practices like hunting and transfers, resource they will probably always Lose access to reserves fishing. management and law be the subject of debate Loose hunting and fishing making powers. They and interpretation. rights Early treaties were based cover 40% of Canada. Loose housing on respect and aimed for Loose health care peaceful coexistence and Loose land alliance. Loose annuities Loose money Lawmakers later used Sone as a way to “civilize” treaties to justify the indigenous enslavement of Loose support from the indigenous peoples, government. enforcing policies such as land surrender and cultural suppression. 1980’s changes to the Indian act began and with that the end of enfranchisement. Enfranchisement is the process by which Indigenous undivuduals were given citizenship rights under Canadian law. It often required  abandoning indigenous status and culture. Enfranchisement was a way to decrease expenses by removing government obligations. Forced enfranchisement required indigenous peoples to abandon their culture, language, and community ties, aligning them with settler norms and reducing resistance. Gains with Enfranchisement: Could own land Could vote in Government elections Losses with enfranchisement: Could not live on reserves Would loose all treaty rights including: -Would not qualify for government payments under the treaties -Would loose identity and an “Indian” under the law -Would loose hunting and fishing rights Enfranchisement was the process of granting Indains canadian citizenship if they adopted European Canadian culture and values. It was problematic because it required Indians to give up their Indian Status, often forcing them to abandon their cultural identity and traditions ; they had no treaty rights. Amended Indian Agent The White Paper 5 of the clauses outlined  in the Indian Act prior to The Indian agent is a -Prime Minister Pierre 1951: The Indian act has been representative of the Trudeau released the amended for the better: federal government to White paper on Indian A person loses Indian enforce policies on policy Status if both their mother Removal of the ban on Canadian Native tribes. -It called for complete and grandmother gained traditional ceremonies like assimilation of First status through marriage. the potlatch and The Indian agent had nations into Canadian This rule had an impact. SunDance authority over the Band society It discriminates against Right to vote in federal council and could remove -The white paper descendants, splitting up and provincial elections any of the Band Council proposed to: indigenous communities. (granted by 1962) members by claiming that Abolishment of forced he was not doing a good Repeal the indian act, The parlament reworked enfranchisement job. ending federal the act in 1951 after WWII Indian women marrying responsibility to first when Canadians became non-Indians no longer Bylaw had to be approved nations more aware of the lose their status (1985) by the Indian agent. End Indian status and poverty and Reduction in federal treaties eliminate reserve discrimination faced by control their own Renamed First Nations land aboriginal peoples. Public membership and reserve couldn’t leave reserves Transfer all concern and a federal residency without permission from responsibilities for report led to the removal Indians could no longer the Indian Agent. Aboriginal people to the of outdated and be forced to give up their provinces discriminatory provisions. indian status Every decision had to be approved by the Indian Indian organizations Agent. protested the plan and it was dropped. When and why was the When and why were What did the Indian Act What are three long term Indian Act created? there finally amendments set out to do? Was it impacts of The Indian to the Indian Act? effective? Why or why Act? not? The indian act was first The Indian Act was 1.Cultural suppression: passed in 1876 and has reworked in 1951 after The Indian Act was The act banned traditional undergone numerous WWII when Canadians created in 1876 to control ceremonies languages changes since then became more aware of the lives, lands and and governance systems, the poverty ad identities of Indigenous causing significant discrimination faced by peoples in Canada. cultural los across The act gave the federal aboriginal peoples. Public generations government total power concern and a federal It aimed to assimilate over First nations and report led to the removal Indigenous peoples into 2.Economic their land. The purpose of outdated and settler society by erasing Disadvantage: was to encourage discriminatory provisions. their cultures, governance Prohibitions on land assimilation. and legal identities while ownership and resource The act was paternalistic centralizing government use left many reserves and treated aboriginal control over Indigenous economically stagnant, people like children that lands and rights. creating poverty and need parents to look after dependency them It was not effective The indian act is not a because many 3.Social inequalities: treaty and was not indigenous communities Policies like denying negotiated, it was resisted the acts of status to women who imposed on Aboriginals assimilation policies and married non-status men by the government fought to keep their hurt their communities identities and traditions. and deepened gender Parliament created the based inequalities. Indian Act in 1876 to Instead of integrating consolidate the numerous indigenous peoples, the laws governing Aboriginal at caused cultural peoples and to maintain destruction, economic order in relations hardship and trauma between whites and aboriginal groups. The act The act made systemic aimed to assimilate inequality, creating long Indians into Canadian term challenges rather culture. than resolving the so called Indian problem Why is the Indian Act still in existence today? Explain at least three reasons why. 1.Identity and Legal benefits: The act provides a legal framework for indigenous identity through status registration, which many rely on to affirm their rights and access specific benefits. 2.Land management and Governance: It continues to govern reserves and band structures, making it difficult to repeal without alternative systems. 3.Resistance to structural Change: Dismantling the Cat would require a shift in how Canada shares land, resources, and decision making with indigenous peoples, a change many canadian and governments won't agree with.